2. ___________ is a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics. Competitive Inhibitor Competitive Inhibitor

3. Identify the following molecule: Polysaccharide Polysaccharide

4. Compounds that DO NOT contain carbon are ________________ Inorganic Inorganic

5. Any molecule made ONLY of hydrogen and carbon atoms is a ______________________ Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon

6. List one indicator from a lab and what it was testing for. Iodine = starch Iodine = starch Buiret solution = protein Buiret solution = protein Benedicts solution = monosaccharide Benedicts solution = monosaccharide Brown bag = fat Brown bag = fat

7. Compounds that have the same formula but different structures are called ___________________ Isomers Isomers

8. Isotopes are named by their ____________________. Mass Numbers Mass Numbers

9. In a chemical equation, ___________________ represent the number of molecules that are present. Coefficients Coefficients

10. Identify the following molecule: Monosaccharide Monosaccharide

11. What is glycogen’s function? Animals energy storage Animals energy storage

12. Compounds that contain carbon are called______________ Organic Organic

13. Large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together, usually in long chains is called a _______________________________ Polymer Polymer

14. What is the basic building block (monomer) of carbohydrates? monosaccharide monosaccharide

15. Identify the following molecule: Fat/Lipid Fat/Lipid

16. What process allows body cells to make large compounds from monomers? Dehydration Synthesis Dehydration Synthesis

17. What process allows the digestive system to breakdown nutrients? Hydrolysis Hydrolysis

18. WHAT DO ATHLETES EAT THE DAY BEFORE A BIG GAME? WHY? Carbs. Because carbs. store and release energy Carbs. Because carbs. store and release energy

19. ______________ is the simplest carbon compound (CH 4 ) Methane Methane

20. HOW DOES OUR BODY GET ENERGY FROM THE BREAKING DOWN OF MOLECULES? When a bond is broken energy is released! When a bond is broken energy is released!

21. Lactose is commonly called what? Milk Sugar Milk Sugar

22. What atoms make up all carbohydrates? C,H,O C,H,O

23. What are the 2 types of nucleic acids? DNA DNA RNA RNA

24. Identify the following molecule: Protein Protein

25. Carbon forms______ covalent bonds to become stable Four Four

26. A(n) _______________substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Element Element

27. List two examples of monosaccharides. Glucose Glucose Fructose Fructose Galactose Galactose

28. WHICH HAS MORE ENERGY – LIPIDS OR CARBS? Lipids Lipids

29. Identify the following molecule: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

30. The majority of fat in organism consist of this type of fat molecules? Triglyceride Triglyceride

31. What is the chemical formula for all monosaccharides? C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6

32. List two examples of disaccharides Lactose Lactose Maltose Maltose Sucrose Sucrose

33. Extremely large compounds made of smaller ones are called __________________. macromolecules macromolecules

34. Identify the following molecule: Saturated Fatty Acid Saturated Fatty Acid

35. Sucrose is commonly called what? Table sugar Table sugar

36. The breaking of a large compound (polymer) into smaller compounds (monomers) through the addition of -H and –OH (water). Hydrolysis Hydrolysis

37. _______________ fatty acid has more than one double bond between the carbon atoms in the chain Polyunsaturated Polyunsaturated

38. Identify the following molecule: Amino Acid Amino Acid

39. More than 2 monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis are called __________ Polysaccharide Polysaccharide

40. What is an example of an unsaturated fatty acid? Olive oil Olive oil

41. Identify the following molecule: Nucleotide Nucleotide

42. What is cellulose’s function? provides structure in plant cell walls provides structure in plant cell walls

43. What is the function of enzymes? Act like a catalyst and speed up chemical reactions Act like a catalyst and speed up chemical reactions

44. What is the alcohol group? -OH -OH

45. What is the chemical formula for all disaccharides? C 12 H 22 O 11 C 12 H 22 O 11

46. Identify the following molecule: Enzyme Enzyme

47. What is the carboxyl group? -COOH -COOH

48. What substance is the repeating unit that makes up starch, cellulose, and glycogen? Monosaccharide Monosaccharide

49. List one factor that could denature an enzyme. Temp. Temp. pH pH

50. ____________ refers to the unequal distribution of charge of a molecule. Polar Polar

51. The _______________________ states that each energy level AFTER the first can have up to eight electrons. Octet Rule Octet Rule

52. List two examples of polysaccharides. Starch Starch Glycogen Glycogen Cellulose Cellulose

53. What type of reaction is occurring? Hydrolysis Hydrolysis +

54. Any substance that forms H + (hydrogen ions) in water would be considered a(n) __________. Acid Acid

55. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called __________________. Isotopes Isotopes

56. A substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined is called a(n) _________________________. Compound Compound

57. A(n) ____________________ bond occurs when there is a transferring of electrons between atoms. Ionic Ionic

58. What is the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen atoms in all carbohydrates? Ratio is 1 Oxygen atom : 2 Hydrogen atoms Ratio is 1 Oxygen atom : 2 Hydrogen atoms

59. The removal of –H and –OH (water)from the individual molecules so that a bond may form between them and result in a more complex molecule is called ___________ Dehydration synthesis Dehydration synthesis

60. Any substance that forms OH - (hydroxide ions) in water would be considered a(n)__________. Base Base

61. The center of an atom is called the ________________________. Nucleus Nucleus

62. Charged atoms because they have gained or lost electron(s) are called _______________. Ion Ion

63. What is the purpose of RNA? Makes proteins Makes proteins

64. ________________ bonds occur when atoms of elements are sharing electrons. Covalent Covalent

65. What is the function of carbohydrates? Compounds used for storage and release of energy Compounds used for storage and release of energy

66. Double sugar made of 2 simple is called a ____________ disaccharide disaccharide

67. In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of an element are represented by ________________. subscripts subscripts

68. The _______________________ represents the number of protons and electrons that an atom contains Atomic number Atomic number

69. How acidic or basic a substance is referred to as that substance’s ________. pH pH

70. Chemical equations must be balanced due to the _______________________________. Law of Conservation of Matter Law of Conservation of Matter

71. Lipids are commonly called ___________ and __________ Fats, Oils Fats, Oils

72. What is the amino group? -NH 2 -NH 2

73. What elements make up lipids? C, H, O C, H, O

74. List 1 function of a lipid 1.Long term energy storage 2.Insulation 3.Protect body tissue (cushioning)

75. What are the monomers of lipids? 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

76. What process joins together glycerol and 3 fatty acids to make a lipid? Dehydration synthesis Dehydration synthesis

77. ____________fatty acid chains of carbon with only single bonds between the carbon atoms Saturated Saturated

78. ________________ is a covalent bond that joins amino acids to each other peptide peptide

79. What type of reaction is occurring? Dehydration synthesis Dehydration synthesis

80. What is an example of a saturated fatty acid? Butter Butter

81. What elements make up proteins? C, H, O, N, S C, H, O, N, S

82. The following, Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide---> Disaccharide + water is an example of what process? Dehydration synthesis Dehydration synthesis

83. Identify the following molecule: Unsaturated fatty acid Unsaturated fatty acid

84. What are the monomers of proteins? Amino acids Amino acids

85. 10 of the 20 amino acids are “essential” because they are required by the body but are NOT created by it. What are they called Essential Amino Acids Essential Amino Acids

86. List one function of proteins in our bodies 1.Muscle contraction 2.Transport oxygen in the bloodstream 3.Provide immunity (antibodies) 4.Carry out chemical reactions

87. Enzymes are a special type of what polymer? Proteins Proteins

88. __________ is an organic molecule associated with the enzyme to help in the reaction. Coenzyme Coenzyme

89. List 2 types of Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides Monosaccharides Disaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Polysaccharides

90. __________ of an enzyme attracts and holds only specific molecules called substrates. Active site Active site

91. What elements make up nucleotides? C, H, O, N, P C, H, O, N, P

92. What are the monomers of nucleic acids? Nucleotides Nucleotides

93. What is the purpose of DNA? Genetic Information Genetic Information

94. What is starch’s function? Plant’s energy storage Plant’s energy storage

95. Identify the following molecule: Disaccharide Disaccharide

96. ______________fatty acid chains of carbon with ONE double bond between the carbon atoms Unsaturated Unsaturated

97. What type of reaction is occurring? Dehydration synthesis Dehydration synthesis +