1. Adv Biology

2.  All life is made from different combinations of a small set of molecules.  Almost all molecules in an organism are built around carbon. ▪ Organic compound-a molecule consisting primarily of carbon and is made by cells.

3.  Carbohydrates (sugars) are used for energy and can be used to create cell parts.  Monosaccharides- consist of single sugar molecules. ▪ The main fuel source for cellular work. ▪ Can be turned into polysaccharides.

4.  Polysaccharides-two or more monosaccharides bonded together to form a polymer.  Polymer-a chain of repeating subunits.  Used for storing energy or building cell parts.

5.  Lipids-made mostly of carbon and hydrogen.  Fats and steroids.  Fat-a lipid made of glycerol and fatty acids. ▪ Fatty acids are long chains of hydrogen and carbon.  Primarily for energy storage.  Insulation in animals.  Major component of cell membranes.

6.  Saturated fats-the fatty acids are straight. ▪ The C in the fatty acid are single bonded to the next. ▪ Are solids at room temperature.  Unsaturated fats-the fatty acids are bent. ▪ There are one or more C=C double bonds in the fatty acid. ▪ Are liquids at room temperature.

7.  Cholesterol-a lipid made of four rings bonded together. ▪ Part of cell membranes. ▪ Building blocks of hormones (chemical signals, steroids).  Waxes-are a fatty acid linked to an alcohol. ▪ Used as waterproofing.

8.  Nucleic acids-polymers that allow organisms to reproduce.  Make up the genes of an organism.  DNA and RNA