1. The Church and the Barbarians

2. I. St. Augustine (354-430) A. Conversion to Christianity 1. Confessions B. Decline of Rome 1. City of God

3. II. Europe after Rome --Roman aristocrats did not stop ruling Rome, they changed the definition of the state, and what ruling was for. A.Barbarians destroy Roman political state 1.Sack of Rome 410 2.Emperor deposed 476 3.Rise of Franks under Clovis (r. 485-511) a. German Constantine

4. II. Europe after Rome B. Bishops and Cities 1. Cities continue as seats of bishops 2. Bishops organize civic life and salvation 3. Bishops are rulers from the ruling class a. In Gaul, often hereditary

6. II. Monastic Movement A.St. Anthony (d. 356) B. Attracts elite Romans C. Rule of St. Benedict (480-543) 1.Obedience and Humility 2.Discipline of prayer and work 3.Leadership of abbot

7. II. Monastic Movement D. Purpose is intercession for the faithful 1. Professional help 2. Ideals of honor / ideals of holiness 3. Aid of ancestors / saints E. Lordly patronage of monasteries 1. Penance 2. Seeking divine patronage

8. IV. Gregory the Great (r. 590-604) A. Another Roman aristocrat B. Scholar and writer C. Applies idealism of Benedict to whole church 1. Regula Pastoralis 2. Idea of clergy as pastors 3. Disciplined study, prayer, worship 4. Standard for singing “Gregorian chant” 5. Priesthood for the City of God

11. Musical Examples 1. Athenaios, First Delphic Hymn (Delphi, 128 BCE) 2. Christian Hymn of Oxyrhynchus (Egypt, late 3rd century) 3. Kyrie (Gregorian Chant). [c. 600-900] (Lord have mercy, Christ have mercy..)