1. Solid-state Compact Blue-green Lasers: Research and Development; Practical Implementation and Applications in Science and Technology Stepan Essaian Spectralus Presentation April 22 2009 September 9, 2015 1 SPECTRALUS CORPORATION

2. Introduction to Spectralus September 9, 2015 2 Founded in 2003 Funded by angel investors in 2003-06 Raised expansion round of funding in 2007 Partnered with Satori Electric Co. in 2007 Now expanding production and sales Headquarters in Santa Clara, CA (USA) → Management Marketing and sales Customer support Laser lab Production facility in Yerevan, Armenia Crystal manufacturing World-class crystal R&D group Upgrades completed in 2008: Disco saw, polishing machines, etc. for better production capabilities Experienced team Strengths in crystal, optics, and laser design & manufacturing, consumer electronics, and instrumentation SPECTRALUS CORPORATION

3. September 9, 2015 3 Spectralus’ Periodically Poled Crystal Technology Spectralus developed and began production of new nonlinear optical crystals: periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate and lithium tantalate Also known as: periodically poled LiNbO 3, MgO:LiNbO 3, and LiTaO 3 These crystals enable new laser capabilities because of their advantages over traditional materials Wavelength conversion ~10x to100x more efficient than in old materials (KTP, LBO) They can be engineered for any target wavelength: UV, visible, IR, THz They are suitable for volume manufacturing for large consumer markets Low cost is achievable via proprietary wafer-scale production process SPECTRALUS CORPORATION

4. September 9, 2015 4 Spectralus’ Nonlinear Crystal Technology: What is Different? Nonlinear crystals convert laser wavelength from efficient IR range (1064nm, 976nm, 810nm) to application-desirable 532nm, 488nm, 460nm, 405nm, 355nm, etc. Traditional (uniform) crystals phase-match (synchronize) fundamental and converted laser beams within directions and nonlinearities defined by nature: Periodically poled crystals use highest nonlinearity coefficient and convert any wavelength (color) by appropriate design of poling period PP PP P2P2 Direction of polarization of ferroelectric material P2P2 PP PP d eff -d eff d eff -d eff d eff -d eff d eff -d eff SPECTRALUS CORPORATION

5. Comparison / Bulk Type and Waveguide Waveguide Advantage ： ・ High conversion efficiency by keeping incindent laser beam intensity Disadvantage ： ・ Low yield due to very small incidence area ・ High cost due to low yield

6. Comparison / Bulk Type and Waveguide Bulk Type Advantage ： Suitable for Mass-production due to wider incidence area than Waveguide Lower cost than Waveguide due to better production yield

7. Ready-to-pole wafer and poled grating Finished PPMgOLN elements Efficient nonlinear conversion in customer’s laser system Spectralus’ PPMgOLN Technology in Pictures September 9, 2015 7 SHG crystals OPO & DFG crystals 532nm green 488nm blue MgO:LiNbO3 with our patented processing (semi-conductor-fab compatible). US patent 7413635 periodically poled domain grating SPECTRALUS CORPORATION

8. Spectralus Microchip Technology Spectralus Microchip is bulk type innercavity element, not a waveguide. Length of the Microchip is only 1-2mm which enables us producing compact size Green DPSS laser. Performance: Output power : 100-150mW (CW) WPE : 10-15 ％ September 9, 2015 8 808nm (IR Pump laser ） Lens Microchip Element

9. Main Green Laser Architectures September 9, 2015 SPECTRALUS CONFIDENTIAL 9 IP: Kuehnelt et al., US2007081564: Optically pumped semiconductor laser platform Discrete components, multiple alignment steps (cost!!!) Great packaging but low efficiency (7%) and high cost IP: Shchegrov, A.Mooradian et al, US 7,359,420 Electrically pumped semiconductor laser platform Discrete but components, medium cost, efficiency ~9% Technology, still needs work. But company is no longer … Spectralus Microchip DPSS Laser IP: S. Essaian et al, US application 11/ 788916, publication number 20080317072. 808nm diode pumped solid state microchip laser platform Monolithic structure, practically no alignment steps, low cost High efficiency, 15-20%

10. Markets and Applications: Spectralus’ technology is enabling for … Laser Instrumentation Frequency-converted laser sources for: Biomedical (flow cytometry, DNA sequencing, etc.) – 488, 532, 473 nm Semiconductor inspection - 488, 532 nm Medical – 560-590 nm Spectroscopy / security – 1.5-4.5  m Laser Instrumentation Frequency-converted laser sources for: Biomedical (flow cytometry, DNA sequencing, etc.) – 488, 532, 473 nm Semiconductor inspection - 488, 532 nm Medical – 560-590 nm Spectroscopy / security – 1.5-4.5  m Consumer Electronics Efficient, low-cost visible lasers for Laser projectors Entertainment (e.g. laser shows) Consumer Electronics Efficient, low-cost visible lasers for Laser projectors Entertainment (e.g. laser shows) September 9, 2015 10 www.symbol.com/L PD http://www.invitrogen.com/content.cfm?pageid=11556 SPECTRALUS CORPORATION Military Applications Key product: Spectralus green laser for Laser displays Dazzlers

11. Market Opportunity in Mobile Projectors Mobile projectors is a huge emerging market, projected to be in multi-billion USD by 2011 First-generation LED-based mobile projectors just appeared in 2008: Toshiba, 3M, Dell LEDs are not bright enough. Industry wants laser sources but there is no adequate green product (red & blue ok) In the green-laser product race, leading players include large corporations: Corning, Osram, Mitsubishi However, Spectralus’ unique technology has the best chance to win on efficiency and low production cost September 9, 2015 11 3M Toshiba Osram Spectralus SPECTRALUS CORPORATION

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13. Spectralus Green Laser Performance vs. Ambient Temperature The design temperature can (and will) be shifted towards higher values by changing the target PPLN temperature December 12, 2008 SPECTRALUS CONFIDENTIAL 13

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