1. Prof. Nizamettin AYDIN naydin@yildiz.edu.tr http://www.yildiz.edu.tr/~naydin Digital Signal Processing 1

2. Lecture 20 Fourier Transform Properties Digital Signal Processing 2

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4. READING ASSIGNMENTS This Lecture: –Chapter 11, Sects. 11-5 to 11-9 –Tables in Section 11-9 Other Reading: –Recitation: Chapter 11, Sects. 11-1 to 11-9 –Next Lectures: Chapter 12 (Applications)

5. LECTURE OBJECTIVES The Fourier transform More examples of Fourier transform pairs Basic properties of Fourier transforms –Convolution property –Multiplication property

6. Fourier Transform Fourier Analysis (Forward Transform) Fourier Synthesis (Inverse Transform)

7. WHY use the Fourier transform? Manipulate the “Frequency Spectrum” Analog Communication Systems –AM: Amplitude Modulation; FM –What are the “Building Blocks” ? Abstract Layer, not implementation Ideal Filters: mostly BPFs Frequency Shifters –aka Modulators, Mixers or Multipliers: x(t)p(t)

8. Frequency Response Fourier Transform of h(t) is the Frequency Response

12. Table of Fourier Transforms

14. Fourier Transform of a General Periodic Signal If x(t) is periodic with period T 0,

15. Square Wave Signal

16. Square Wave Fourier Transform

17. Table of Easy FT Properties Delay Property Frequency Shifting Linearity Property Scaling

18. Scaling Property

20. Uncertainty Principle Try to make x(t) shorter –Then X(j  ) will get wider –Narrow pulses have wide bandwidth Try to make X(j  ) narrower –Then x(t) will have longer duration Cannot simultaneously reduce time duration and bandwidthCannot simultaneously reduce time duration and bandwidth

21. Significant FT Properties Differentiation Property

22. Convolution Property Convolution in the time-domain MULTIPLICATION corresponds to MULTIPLICATION in the frequency- domain

23. Convolution Example Bandlimited Input Signal –“sinc” function Ideal LPF (Lowpass Filter) –h(t) is a “sinc” Output is Bandlimited –Convolve “sincs”

24. Ideally Bandlimited Signal

25. Convolution Example

26. Cosine Input to LTI System

27. Ideal Lowpass Filter

29. Signal Multiplier (Modulator) Multiplication in the time-domain corresponds to convolution in the frequency-domain.

30. Frequency Shifting Property

32. Differentiation Property Multiply by j 

34. Delay Property

35. Strategy for using the FT Develop a set of known Fourier transform pairs. Develop a set of “theorems” or properties of the Fourier transform. Develop skill in formulating the problem in either the time-domain or the frequency- domain, which ever leads to the simplest solution.

36. FT of Impulse Train The periodic impulse train is

37. Convolution Example 2