2. 1) Identify three reasons for New Imperialism. nationalism, industrialism, belief in cultural superiority, spread religion

3. 2) In what continent was this new imperialism most evident? Africa

4. 3) What two nations started the colonization of Africa? What part? GB & France, northern sections

5. 4) What was GB’s goal in Africa? Cape to Cairo

6. 5) Why was China ripe for forced trade in the 1800s? internal turmoil

7. 6) What was the worst example of European exploitation in Africa? King Leopold in the Congo

8. 7) What were the only two parts of Africa not colonized by 1900? Ethiopia and Liberia

9. 8) What were the two clashes in Africa that fed animosity against GB? Fashoda Crisis with France and the Boer War with the Dutch Afrikaners

10. 9) Why was trade with China so important to the Europeans? Chinese goods were in high demand in Europe

11. 10) What was the U.S. policy for trade in China? Open Door Policy

12. 11) What British settlement came out of this policy? Hong Kong

13. 12) What was the Chinese rebellion in response to the Open Door Policy? Boxer Rebellion

14. 13) What were the two examples of economically successful colonies in the 1800s? Dutch Indonesia and British India

15. 14) How did the British “accidentally” introduce nationalism & liberal ideas in India? Educating them in English in the Western fashion

16. 15) Why does Germany antagonize GB in the early 1900s? to make themselves look powerful so GB will want to ally with them

17. 16) What was the cause of the Sepoy Rebellion? rumors about the animal fat used on rifle cartridges

18. 17) How did the British change the way they ruled India after this rebellion? they shifted to direct rule, placing the colonies directly under their control

19. 18) What are the two largest religious groups in India? Why is this a problem? Hindus and Muslims, tension between the two groups

20. What was the chief impact that Hinduism had on India’s social structure? divided it into a rigid class structure (castes)

21. What British educated Hindu goes on to lead the Indian Nationalist Movement? Mohandas Gandhi

22. Identify three kinds of raw materials that came out of SE Asia. teak wood, rubber, tin, spices, tea, coffee

23. How did France first get involved in Vietnam? through missionaries who went there to spread Christianity

24. What were the only two societies in SE Asia ruled by Europeans in 1800? Spanish Philippines and Dutch East Indies

25. What nation took over the Philippines from Spain in 1898? Why did they want it? the U.S., as a jumping off point for trade with China?

26. What event in Europe weakened the control of Spain & Portugal over their colonies? Napoleon’s takeover of Europe

27. Identify the basic class structure of the old Spanish Empire in the Americas. peninsulars, creoles, mestizos, natives

28. Which two groups maintained control after the colonies gained their independence? peninsulars & creoles

29. Name the three most powerful forces in the new “republics” of Latin America. army, large land owners, church

30. What was the large scale goal of Bolivar and San Martin? the liberation of all of South America from the Europeans

31. How did intervention by British businessmen keep economic conditions the same? Latin America was kept as the producer of raw materials and left under the control of the land owning elite

32. Identify two of the types of raw materials that Latin American nations exported in large quantities. wheat, beef, coffee, bananas, silver, sugar

33. What powerful nation started to interfere in the politics of Latin America in the early 1900’s? the United States

34. Identify three of the republics formed from the colonies in South America after they gained their independence. Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Chile

35. Who ruled Japan for the 200 years leading up to 1850? the Tokugawa shogunate

36. What was the shogunate’s policy towards the rest of the world? complete isolation

37. What was the key factor that caused the Japanese to open relations with the U.S. after Perry’s visit? the threat of military action

38. How did the new Japanese emperor refer to his reign? What did this mean? meiji, enlightened rule

39. Where did the Japanese emperor look for models for a new government? the western nations

40. In the new Meiji government that emerged, who had the most power? The executive authority, which was the prime minister and the other cabinet ministers

41. The new government of Japan was modern and democratic in appearance, but in reality, who still held most of the power? The authoritarian Sat-Cho elite

42. Name two specific things the gov’t did to support growing industry. Subsidies, training from foreign advisors, education

43. What two Japanese groups bore the greatest burden for the transition to a modern industrial nation? The farmers and the new industrial workers

44. What dynasty had ruled China for over three hundred years prior to 1912? the Manchu dynasty

45. Who were the Manchu overthrown by in 1912? supporters of Sun Yat Sen

46. What large group will the Chiang Kai Shek and the nationalists come into conflict with in the struggle for control of China? Mao Tse Tung and the Communists