1. Chapter 18 : Becoming a World Power

2. The Pressure to Expand Growth of Imperialism
Imperialism – Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations; economically, politically, culturally, and militarily.
Several factors accounted for the burst of imperialistic activity in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

3. Reasons for Imperialism
1. Economic Factors – need for natural resources; need for new markets
2. Nationalist Factors – pride in one’s country; competition between countries
3. Military Factors – superiority of armed forces; need for bases and fuel
4. Humanitarian Factors – spreading of culture (religion, medicine, politics…)

4. Europe leads the way “The sun never sets on the British Empire!”
This was a popular slogan that demonstrated the power and land control that the British had world wide!
In other words, the British owned or controlled land on just about every continent.

7. The U.S. and Imperialism
In 1796, President George Washington advised Americans to avoid active involvement in international affairs.
Make no permanent alliances!
His advice was generally followed over the next century.
By 1890, however, the U.S. was eager to join the competition for new overseas territories.

8. Causes of the Spanish American War http://www. youtube. com/watch
American desire to expand
Revolution in Cuba
General Weyler
Concentration Camps
The De Lome Letter
Accused McKinley of being weak
The sinking of the USS Maine
250 killed
Yellow Journalism
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
Jingoism
Artists Rendering of the Sinking of the Maine Source: Chicago Historical Society

9. Sinking of the USS Maine
One of the topics used by the yellow journalists was the loss of the Navy Baseball team on the Maine.
All lost at Havana except J.H. Bloomer

10. Course of the War Philippines Cuba and Puerto Rico
May 1, 1898 – 1st war action.
Gen. George Dewey demolished the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.
Cuba and Puerto Rico
Rough Riders
Battle of San Juan Hill
Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders -->
Big victory at San Juan Hill

11. Controversy: Buffalo Soldiers -- African Americans
After the Battle of San Juan Hill, Rough Rider Frank Knox said, "I never saw braver men anywhere." Lieutenant John J. Pershing wrote, "They fought their way into the hearts of the American people." (17)
Theodore Roosevelt commented "… no one can tell whether it was the Rough Riders or the men of the 9th who came forward with the greater courage to offer their lives in the service of their country." (18) Despite this praise, incredibly Colonel Roosevelt later wrote: "Negro troops were shirkers in their duties and would only go as far as they were led by white officers."

12. Ever heard this song?

13. Treaty of Paris 1898 Ended the Spanish American War.
Sec. of State John Hay, “a splendid little war.”
Spain recognizes Cuban independence.
Platt Amendment
Stated that the U.S. was allowed to limit foreign intervention and to set up naval bases in Cuba (Guantanamo Bay)
U.S. gets: Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for $20 million.

14. Other effects of the war…
No more European powers in the Western Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine
U.S. becomes a world power.
Effects on Soldiers:
385 Killed in Action
Over 3,000 killed by diseases
malaria, yellow fever, bad meat…

15. The U.S. and Imperialism
The economy was expanding and many leaders felt the U.S. needed to find new markets.
The U.S. began to build a modern navy
By 1900, the U.S. had one of the most powerful navies in the world.
A new period of American Foreign Policy had begun.

16. U.S. Foreign Policy 1890-1914 Isolationism Collective Security
Strict non-involvement in the affairs of other nations.
Collective Security
Working with other countries to influence world affairs
Internationalism
Intervening in other countries’ affairs to promote important national interests and /or to safeguard national interests
Imperialism
Extending power by acquiring territory around the globe or exploiting weaker nations to serve national interests

17. Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882.
In 1882, the U.S. slammed the door shut on Chinese immigration for ten years.
It banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and gov’t officials.
This ban was not repealed until 1943.

18. U.S. Overseas Expansion Causes Western frontier closes
Businesses seek raw materials in new markets
European nations compete for resources and markets
Effects
U.S. develops a strong navy
Open Door Policy protects trade w/China
After Spanish American War U.S. gains lands in the Caribbean and Pacific
Panama Canal Built
U.S. sends troops in Latin America to protect interests

19. China’s Open Door European spheres of influence. Chinese resistance.
Opium Wars – China and GB.
US fears exclusion, declares “open door”.
Boxer Rebellion – quickly put down.
Puppet Gov’t to the West.

20. American Expansion Seward’s Folly Secretary of State William Seward
U.S. purchased Alaska for $7.2 million from Russia in 1867
Also in 1867, the U.S. acquired the Midway Islands (midway b/w U.S. and Asia)

21. Annexation of Hawaii Queen Liliuokalani & Sanford Dole
She was the last Queen.
Dole sabotaged his own pineapple plantation and blamed the Hawaiians, so the US would come.
Marines for backup and Hawaiian surrender.
Hawaii declared a republic, Dole declared himself first President and requested US annexation…McKinley said yes.

22. Roosevelt Becomes President
Under Roosevelt the U.S. followed an aggressive foreign policy and continued to expand its power overseas.
“Speak softly and carry a big stick!”
SS – use diplomacy
CABS – use deterence, maybe military
Panama Canal.
Negotiated peace with Russia and Japanese.
Won a Nobel Prize

23. Roosevelt Corollary Issued to add onto the Monroe Doctrine.
He denied the US wanted any territory!
He said the Us only wanted “to see neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous.
But the US might be forced to exercise “an international police power.”
“It must be understood that under no circumstances will the US use the Monroe Doctrine as a cloak for territorial aggression. We desire peace will all the world, but perhaps most of all with the other peoples of the American continent…It is always possible that wrong actions towards this nation…may result in our having to take action to protect our rights; but such action will not be taken with a view to territorial aggression.

24. Taft and Dollar Diplomacy
Elected 1908.
Not as aggressive with foreign policy as Teddy.
Wanted to:
Maintain open door to Asia
Preserve stability in Latin America.
Substitute dollars for bullets.
Dollar Diplomacy
Pumping $ into unstable gov’ts doesn’t always work…

25. Differences with Taft…

26. Imperialist vs. Anti-Imperialist
Americans need a new frontier
Economy would benefit from more markets
Military would gain power by having bases around the world
American ideals of liberty and democracy would be spread
People in territories under American control will be denied their liberties
Racists beliefs are used to justify controlling other nations
Overseas involvement is expensive, leading to higher taxes and debts
U.S. has enough problems at home, should not take on more responsibilities

27. Time to elect a NEW president

28. Sec 5: Wilson’s New Freedom
Wilson and the Democrats Prevail
Main Idea: In the 1912 presidential election, the Republican Party was divided between Taft and Roosevelt, leading the way for Woodrow Wilson to be elected. Once in office, Wilson developed a Progressive plan that placed strong government control on corporations.
Wilson Regulates the Economy
Main Idea: Wilson worked to give the government more control of the economy. Some of the laws passed during his term included lowering tariffs, reforming the banking system, strengthening antitrust regulation, and supporting labor unions and workers’ rights.
Progressivism Leaves a Lasting Legacy
Main Idea: Changes in the American economy and the government’s role in managing natural resources still have an impact on society today.
Continued...
Sec 5: Wilson’s New Freedom

29. Election of 1912 – Wilson wins!
Under Presidents Taft and Wilson, progressive reforms continued until 1916.
The Progressive party, led by TR, at times was called the “Bull Moose” party. (TR at one time said he felt as strong as a bull moose!)

30. Transparency: The Election of 1912

31. Chart: Presidential Election of 1912

32. Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas