1. Key terms dealing with mines? Comstock Lode Boom town Ghost town problems Silver strike in the Sierra Nevadas Town that quickly grew up at a gold strike Boom towns after the gold was gone Pollution, Native Americans pushed off their land, foreign miners treated poorly

2. Transcontinental Railroad Could travel by rail across the United States Attracted Chinese immigrants Brought rapid growth – economic and settlement

3. Key terms dealing with ranching? longhorns Cattle Kingdom Reasons for success Open range Cattle that roamed free in the West Ranches spread throughout the West Need for beef for miners, railroad workers, etc. Railroads could ship beef from cities like Kansas City to eastern cities Ranchers let their cattle wander. Barbed wire ended this practice and changes ranching.

4. Key terms dealing with farming on the plains? Homestead Act Sodhouses sodbusters 160 acres given free if the land was farmed for 5 years. Houses made out of sod – best building material on the plains. Nickname for farmers who had to break through the thick layer of sod to farm.

5. Populist Party 1891-1896 Consisted of farmers and labor unions Free silver – all silver mined to be made into money William Jennings Bryan was most famous member

6. Key terms dealing with Native Americans on the plains? buffalo “Walk the white man’s road.” Chivington Massacre Battle of Little Bighorn Dawes Act (1887) N.A. culture totally depended on it. Tried to make N.A. act like white settlers Native Americans slaughtered General Custer and his men were killed Attempted to make farmers out of N.A. - Very unsuccessful.

7. What was our foreign policy for the first 100 years of our country’s existence?

8. We were isolationists starting with Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation (1793). This was due to the fact that we were weak militarily and were separated from Europe by the Atlantic Ocean.

9. What is imperialism?

10. Imperialism is when a strong country attempts to influence the economic and political affairs of a weaker country.

11. What is economic imperialism?

12. Economic imperialism is when the United States got involved in another country for economic reasons. Examples include controlling a place for its raw materials or as a place to trade. This idea went along with dollar diplomacy as presented by Teddy Roosevelt, which called for the U.S. to have its businesses go into a country to try to gain influence there.

13. How did the United States gain trade in Japan?

14. Commodore Matthew Perry was sent with several warships in 1853. In 1854 Japan gave the U.S. trading privileges because they realized the United States was much more advanced than they were.

15. Who was William Seward?

16. Seward was the Secretary of State in the 1860’s. He bought Alaska for $7.2 million. People ridiculed this calling it Seward’s Folly. We later realized how great a purchase it was because of the resources found in Alaska.

17. What were the reasons given for U.S. expansion in the age of imperialism?

18. Expansion allowed the U.S. to increase trade. There was also the desire to spread Christianity and democracy. We had settled all of the land that is now the U.S. so we now had to gain land elsewhere. There was also competition with other countries. If we didn’t get land then they would.

19. What Americans were most responsible for the United States getting Hawaii?

20. We initially wanted Hawaii to use as a refueling base for ships sailing to Asia. Sugar planters came to Hawaii and led a revolt in which the King of Hawaii signed a new Constitution.

21. Did the Hawaiians want to be ruled by the United States?

22. Queen Liliuokalani led a last ditch effort to remove U.S. control in Hawaii. It was unsuccessful and Hawaii was annexed in 1898 and became the 50 th state in 1959.

23. What was going on in China in the late 1800’s?

24. China, once a powerful nation, had failed to industrialize and fell prey to more powerful nations. Many European countries and Japan established spheres of influence, which were areas where the country had special trading privileges.

25. What about the United States?

26. The U.S. didn’t have a sphere of influence. As a way to get involved in the Chinese trade it proposed the Open Door Policy. The Open Door Policy allowed a country to trade in the sphere of influence of another country.

27. What did the Chinese think of the Open Door Policy?

28. They didn’t like the foreign intrusion. The Righteous Fists of Harmony (Boxers) led an unsuccessful revolt in which many Europeans were killed.

29. What was the Pan- American Union?

30. It was an agreement between Latin American countries and the United States to work together to solve problems. Latin Americans viewed this as an attempt by the U.S. to increase its trade in Latin America.

31. What was going on in Cuba in the 1890’s?

32. Cuba was trying to throw off Spanish rule. Cuba was led by Jose Marti. The U.S. saw Cuba as an important place for trade and saw their revolt as similar to ours from Britain.

33. Did the United States get involved?

34. Yellow Journalists exaggerated the cruelty of the Spanish leader General Weyler. When the American warship the Maine was blown up they coined the phrase “Remember the Maine” which got the U.S. citizens demanding war. The U.S. sent down troops to help the Cubans. The most famous group involved were the Rough Riders, a mix of cowboys and college students led by Teddy Roosevelt. The most famous victory was when the Rough Riders helped to take San Juan Hill.

35. What did the United States get after the war?

36. Cuba was freed and the U.S. got Guam, the Philippines and Puerto Rico.

37. What did the U.S. do in the Philippines?

38. We put down the revolution there just as the Spanish had been doing. Emilio Aguinaldo was the Philippine leader who claimed they were doing the same the the British Colonies had done 100 years earlier.

39. How did we get permission to build the Panama Canal?

40. The U.S. offered Colombia $10 million dollars plus $250,000 for the right to build the canal. When this was unsuccessful the U.S. backed up a revolt by Panama and got permission from Panama for the same deal.

41. What was the biggest obstacle in building the canal?

42. The workers had to dig through lots of rocks and hills but the biggest problem was dealing with mosquitoes which spread malaria and yellow fever.

43. What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

44. This built upon the Monroe Doctrine(1823) which told Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. The Corollary said the U.S. could intervene to preserve peace in Latin America. (and protect our business interests)

45. What was the Big Stick policy.

46. This was based upon the statement “Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far.” What it meant was that the U.S. would say what was to happen in South America and use force to back up what we said if necessary.

47. What went on between the U.S. and Mexico in the early 1900’s?

48. Mexico was in the midst of a series of revolutions. The U.S. business interests were threatened. Then Mexicans killed soldiers in the Mexican port of Vera Cruz and Pancho Villa invaded the United States and burnt villages. John Pershing led a raid into Mexico which guaranteed poor relationships between Mexico and the U.S.