1. EUROPE – Cultures ©2012, TESCCC World Geography Unit 6, Lesson 3

2. Major Historical Periods of Europe Ancient Greece and Rome (B.C.E. and first four centuries A.D.) Ancient Greece and Rome (B.C.E. and first four centuries A.D.) Dark Ages (4th-10th century) Dark Ages (4th-10th century) Middle Ages (10th-14th century) Middle Ages (10th-14th century) Renaissance (15th and 16th century) Renaissance (15th and 16th century) Enlightenment (18th century) Enlightenment (18th century) Age of Conquests (15th-20th century) Age of Conquests (15th-20th century) ©2012, TESCCC

3. AGRARIAN REVOLUTION Began in Europe in the 1750s Began in Europe in the 1750s Based on new agricultural innovations Based on new agricultural innovations Enabled increased food production Enabled increased food production Enabled sustained population increase Enabled sustained population increase ©2012, TESCCC

4. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Developed in the UK between 1750-1850 Developed in the UK between 1750-1850 Evolved from technical innovations that occurred in British industry Evolved from technical innovations that occurred in British industry Proved to be a major catalyst towards increased urbanization Proved to be a major catalyst towards increased urbanization

5.  Falling share of the world’s population  Fertility at an all-time low  Fewer young people  Smaller working age population  Immigration partially off-setting the decline EUROPE’S CHANGING POPULATION ©2012, TESCCC

8. URBAN TRADITION Urbanization – 73% of Europe is urbanized. Urbanization – 73% of Europe is urbanized. Related concepts Related concepts –Primate city- largest city that encompasses the cultural ideals –CBD- downtown (business and commerce) –Metropolis- terms used to describe central city and suburbs ©2012, TESCCC

9. 20th Century (1900s) Major Political Events World War I World War I World War II and Holocaust World War II and Holocaust Cold War (primarily USSR) Cold War (primarily USSR) Decrease in Imperialism (primarily British Empire) Decrease in Imperialism (primarily British Empire) Rise and Fall of Communism Rise and Fall of Communism ©2012, TESCCC

10. Languages In Europe, there are about 50 different languages and more than 100 dialects, most of which belong to the Indo- European language family In Europe, there are about 50 different languages and more than 100 dialects, most of which belong to the Indo- European language family The Slavic languages of eastern Europe, the Germanic languages of northern Europe, and the Romance languages of southern Europe are Indo-European languages. The Slavic languages of eastern Europe, the Germanic languages of northern Europe, and the Romance languages of southern Europe are Indo-European languages. ©2012, TESCCC

11. Religions - Europe is predominantly Christian. - Most of southern/western Europe’s Christians are Roman Catholics, whereas most northern European Christians are Protestants. - In much of southeastern Europe, Eastern Orthodox Christians predominate. - Many Muslims also live in southeastern Europe (Turkish influence), and Jewish communities exist in all major European cities. ©2012, TESCCC

12. Supranationalism A venture involving three or more nations A venture involving three or more nations Political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives Political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives New “Euro”Currency ©2012, TESCCC

13. European Union (EU) Original Members: (12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK Original Members: (12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK Established: 1992 Established: 1992 Aimed to coordinate policy among the members in three ways: Aimed to coordinate policy among the members in three ways: -- economics -- defense -- justice and home affairs ©2012, TESCCC

14. Supranationalism Problems Loss of autonomy and control Loss of autonomy and control Differences in levels of economic development Differences in levels of economic development Cultural barriers Cultural barriers ©2012, TESCCC