1. Pollution AHS Agriculture

2. Unit Essential Question What is pollution and how can we help reduce it?

3. Warm-up Word Splash

4. Pollution Introduction of contaminants that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the environment

5. Forms of Pollution Air Pollution (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, CFCs, nitrogen oxides- industry or cars) Littering Noise Pollution Soil Contamination (spills or underground leakage, hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals)

6. Forms of Pollution Radioactive pollution- nuclear power generation, nuclear weapons research Thermal Pollution- hydroelectric plants Visual Pollution

7. Forms of Pollution Water pollution- release of water products and contaminants into surface runoff into river drainage systems, liquid spills, wastewater, discharge, eutrophication and littering

8. Effects of Pollution- Humans Discuss with partner what you think are effects of pollution.

9. Effects of Pollution- Humans Ozone- breathing problems, heart disease, chest pain, congestion, etc. Water pollution- causes 14,000 deaths per day, contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage

10. Effects of Pollution- Humans Oil spills- skin irritation and rash Noise- encourages hearing loss, high blood pressure, stress, sleep loss Lead and heavy metals cause neurological problems Chemical and radioactive substances cause cancer and birth defects

11. Effects of Pollution- Environment Ocean Acidification Invasive species – reduce biodiversity Global Warming Infertile soils Acid rain Less sunlight= less trees Species loss

12. Effects of Pollution- Environment Superfund activity

13. Carbon Footprint The measure of the impact our activities have on the environment and in particular, climate change 2 types Lets see what ours is! Fill in the worksheet as we go.

14. Carbon Footprint Primary Footprint – Measure of direct human emissions of carbon dioxide created by the burning of fossil fuels. These include energy consumers like electricity and modes of transportation.

15. Carbon Footprint Secondary Footprint – Measure of indirect human emissions of carbon dioxide that are created by the shipping and manufacturing of a product. This includes food and drink items from foreign countries.

16. Carbon Footprint How can we reduce our carbon footprint?

17. Carbon Footprint Organic gardening Reduce Reuse Recycle –Give an example for each R

18. Carbon Footprint Worksheet for the week. Carbon Footprint Activity

19. Landfills and Solid Waste Management

20. Warm-up Describe why pollution is bad.

21. Lesson Essential Question What is solid waste and how can we mange it?

22. Solid Waste Nonliquid, nonsoluble materials ranging from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that contain complex, hazardous substances.

23. Solid Waste 2 sources of Solid Waste –Municipal –Industrial

24. Industrial Solid Waste Spoilage from mining, logging, etc Not put in landfill Usually spread as topsoil

25. Municipal Solid Waste Take out the trash Dispose by place in landfill and bury it under soil Bigger problem Generated by households

26. Municipal Solid Waste Paper Metal Scraps Wood scraps Plastic more

27. Municipal Solid Waste 1960- 2.7 lbs per person/day 1990- 4.3 lbs 2005- 4.5 lbs Figure 9.3 pg 107

29. Municipal Solid Waste Read through packet and explain what each of those charts shows. 20 minutes

30. Types of Solid Waste Hazardous Waste- dangerous or potentially harmful to humans or environment

31. Types of Solid Waste Radioactive Waste –Low- level waste- medical wastes (tools, filters, rags, medical tubes) –High- level waste- used reactor fuel- disposed in long-term deep underground disposal sites

32. Types of Solid Waste Non hazardous waste- municipal waste and industrial waste

33. Solid Waste What is solid waste packet.

34. Disposal of Solid Waste

35. Warm-up How do we dispose of solid waste?

36. Lesson Essential Question Is the way we dispose of solid waste working?

37. Disposal of Solid Waste Burying Landfills Dig a hole, fill it with trash, cover it and let it decompose. Why is this not always effective?

38. Disposal of Solid Waste 1950 studies showed that water ran through landfills, picks up and transports contaminants and biological agents- bacteria, viruses, and dissolves water soluble chemicals.

39. Disposal of Solid Waste This water enters the groundwater supply and stays there until it is removed for human use. Water must be tested and treated

40. Disposal of Solid Waste Leachate- any liquid that picks up solids or solutes when passing through

41. MSW Disposed of on any landform, ditches, open pits, hillsides, or even open areas. May or may not be burned. May or may not be covered.

42. Landfill What is a landfill?? –An open area into which garbage is placed to be covered with a layer of some other material, typically soil

43. Landfill Types Natural Attenuation Containment

44. Natural Attenuation Hold waste material in a covered area Allow natural percolation of precipitation to pass through waste and pass through soil and rocks to neutralize (micro- organisms and soil particles)

45. Natural Attenuation Paper and yard wastes safe here

46. Natural Attenuation How it works: Absorption: Clay- particles in leachate “stick” to the clay Biological removal: bacteria, fungi break down/absorb constituents

47. Ion exchange: neutralizes constituents Dilution: concentration lowered by mixing with water Filtration: trap in pores of soil Chemical Precipitation: phase change: liquid to solid then removed

48. Containment Minimize seepage of leachate into the surrounding soil and groundwater Hazardous solid waste Add liner Multiple layers of clay and bentonite

49. Containment PVC or others may be used Leachate collection pipes used for above liners Leachate treated in wastewater treatment plant

50. Landfill Design Regardless of landfill, shapes will be similar 3 shapes: at grade, canyon, fill or trench fill. pg. 112 in book

51. Landfill Design The Garbage Story

52. Classification of Water Pollution Sources

53. Warm-up What do you think is the common cause of water pollution?

54. Lesson Essential Question What is water pollution?

55. Water Pollution “If wastes are put into the water, they cannot be seen; therefore, they must be gone. After all think of the billions and billions of gallons of water on this planet. There is no way we could ruin it.”

56. Water Pollution 3 basic sources –Point –Diffuse –Background

57. Point Source Pollution Direct introduction of contaminants into the water supply at an identifiable location EX: Wastewater from factory being dumped into a stream through a discharge pipe

59. Diffuse source pollution Aka non-point-source pollution Introduction of contaminants across a wide area EX: Surface contamination from a farm or city that seeps into groundwater supply from runoff.

60. Background Pollution Ongoing contamination from natural sources

61. Urban Pollution Pollution in our cities due to items such as road salts, street detergents and sewer systems. Runoff of chemicals enters storm sewers and can end up in rivers and streams

62. Urban Pollution Affects ground water supply Methane and ammonia from landfills

64. Industrial Pollution Causes the most pollution Also does the most to control pollution

65. 4 types of Industrial Pollution Thermal Pollution Radioactive Materials Organic Chemicals Inorganic Materials

66. Agricultural Pollution Animal wastes Pesticides Fertilizers Silt sediments

67. Agricultural Pollution Huge buildings and giant feedlots create problems with waste disposal

68. Agricultural Pollution Spread manure on fields may leach into groundwater –Keep runoff water away from livestock and stockpile manure

69. Agricultural Pollution Pesticides and fertilizers used to control insects, diseases and weeds. Overuse or incorrect applications may affect groundwater supply

70. Agricultural Pollution Too much fertilizer reaching water creates eutrophication (excessive enrichment of water) –Algea-filled –No longer useful –sediment

71. Water Pollution Seepy Sandwhich lab! Answer questions after.

72. Air Pollution

73. Lesson Essential Question Why does air pollution matter?

74. Particulate Matter Pieces of solid material or liquid suspended in the atmosphere

75. Particulate Matter No such thing as “clean” air –Earth constantly bombarded with debris, gasses, dust, and ashes –As air moves across the planet, picks up salt, pollen, spores, and dust

76. Particulate Matter Human activity over the past years introduced gasses that do not occur naturally –Smoke and dust

77. Other Gasses A lot of interest Anthropogenic emissions- gasses and particulate that result from human activity Leading to GLOBAL WARMING

78. Other Gasses An Inconvenient Truth. Answer Questions

79. Recycling

80. Warm-up What is recycling?

81. Lesson Essential Question How does recycling help pollution?

82. Recycling One way of reducing the amount of waste. Shows pro- active towards saving out Earth.

83. Recycling Don’t recycle to save trees. No shortage of trees Natural resources not really benefited in any substantial way by recycling. Why is it so important?

84. Recycling Recycling saves energy, creates jobs, and generates revenue for us 56,000 recycling centers employ 1.1 million Americans and generate payrolls of $37 billion

85. Recycling Centers gross $236 billion in annual revenues Energy saved- only 5% of energy needed to recycle a bottle vs producing a new one 2005- saved 900 trillion BTUs in US alone

86. Ways to recycle Top 10 ways from http://www.eponline.com/Articles/2007/11/ 12/Tips-Top-Ten-Ways-to-Recycle.aspx http://www.eponline.com/Articles/2007/11/ 12/Tips-Top-Ten-Ways-to-Recycle.aspx Reduce your waste Reuse anything possible Recycle plastics, paper, etc.

87. Ways to recycle 1. Buy recycled paper and print on both sides. 2. Recycle your outdated technology. 3. Make recycling bins readily available.

88. Ways to recycle 4. Recycle your empty ink and toner cartridges. 5. Buy remanufactured ink and toner cartridges. 6. Recycle old newspapers laying around the office.

89. Ways to recycle 7. Look for the recycled option in all the products you buy. 8. Buy rechargeable batteries 9. Purchase rewritable CDs and DVDs so that you can reuse them from project to project. 10. Reuse your morning coffee cup.

90. Cons of Recycling from http://www.grosscatholic.org/teachers/sefranek/Freshman%20Biology/RecycleSample/finalsites/Pro s,%20Cons,%20and%20Effects.htm Recycling no matter how much good it can do costs money because of the transportation and processing costs. It also uses money because of the machinery needed in order to recycle materials.

91. Cons of Recycling from http://www.grosscatholic.org/teachers/sefranek/Freshman%20Biology/RecycleSample/finalsites/Pro s,%20Cons,%20and%20Effects.htm Recycling also uses energy and can also pollute the earth because of the fumes produced by incineration and machinery use.

92. Pros of Recycling from http://www.grosscatholic.org/teachers/sefranek/Freshman%20Biology/RecycleSample/finalsites/Pro s,%20Cons,%20and%20Effects.htm Recycling lowers cost because materials are made from recycled products instead on new minerals. Recycling avoids the cost of moving garbage barges and incineration.

93. Pros of Recycling from http://www.grosscatholic.org/teachers/sefranek/Freshman%20Biology/RecycleSample/finalsites/Pro s,%20Cons,%20and%20Effects.htm Recycling helps the earth because we are using old materials rather than depleting the Earth stock.

94. Is it worth it? Group 1- For Recycling Group 2- Against recycling Take 10 minutes, research more information on recycling Come back together and we will debate this issue

95. Review Complete Review for Exam