1. Resource Issues Chapter 14 An Introduction to Human Geography
The Cultural Landscape, 8e
James M. Rubenstein
Chapter 14
Resource Issues
PPT by Abe Goldman

2. Resource Depletion Energy resources Mineral resources
Fossil fuel supply
Distribution of fossil fuels
World petroleum control
Nonrenewable substitutes
Mineral resources
Nonmetallic minerals
Metallic minerals

3. U.S. Energy Consumption 1850–2000
Fig. 14-1: The main energy sources in the U.S. have changed over time as total energy use has increased. Growth was particularly rapid in the 1950s and 1960s.

4. Coal Production
Fig. 14-2a: China and the U.S. are the world’s largest coal producers. Little coal is produced in most of Africa and some of Latin America.

5. Coal Reserves
Fig. 14-2b: The U.S., Russia, China, and India have the largest reserves of coal.

6. Petroleum Production
Fig. 14-3a: Saudi Arabia, Russia, and the U.S. are the world’s largest petroleum producers.

7. Petroleum Reserves
Fig. 14-3b: Two-thirds of the world’s known petroleum reserves are in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia alone has over one-quarter of world reserves.

8. Natural Gas Production
Fig. 14-4a: Russia, the U.S., and Canada are the world’s largest natural gas producers.

9. Natural Gas Reserves
Fig. 14-4b: Russia has the world’s largest natural gas reserves. Iran and other Mid-Eastern countries have large reserves, but the U.S. has relatively little.

10. Per Capita Energy Consumption
Fig. 14-5a: Energy consumption per person in MDCs is far larger than in LDCs.

11. World Energy Consumption
Fig. 14-5b: The U.S., with about 5% of world population, consumes about 25% of world energy.

12. U.S. Oil Imports, 1973 and 2003
Fig. 14-6: U.S. oil imports increased from about one-quarter to over one-half of consumption between 1973 and Total consumption also increased from 4.5 to 6.1 billion barrels.

13. Nuclear Power Production
Fig. 14-7: Nuclear power as a percent of total electricity. A number of European countries as well as Japan and South Korea rely most heavily on nuclear power.

14. Nuclear Power in the U.S.
Fig. 14-8: Location of current nuclear power plants in the U.S. and nuclear power as a percent of total electricity in U.S. states.

15. Elements in the Earth’s Crust
Fig. 14-9: Oxygen and silicon are the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust.

16. Ferrous Metal Production
Fig : Iron ore is the most important ferrous metal. Brazil, Australia, and China account for one-half of world production.

17. Nonferrous Metal Production
Fig : Australia is the leading producer of bauxite, the source of aluminum. Copper, lead, zinc, and the precious metals (gold, silver, and platinum) are the other main nonferrous metals.

18. Pollution Air pollution Water pollution Land pollution
Global scale air pollution
Regional scale air pollution
Local scale air pollution
Water pollution
Water pollution sources
Impact on aquatic life
Wastewater and disease
Land pollution
Solid waste disposal
Toxic pollutants

19. Global Temperatures, 1880–2000
Fig : Annual mean temperatures have increased more than 0.5°C since The graph shows deviations from the mean temperature for 1951–1980.

20. Acid Deposition
Fig : Due to prevailing winds, the highest sulfate deposit levels in North America lie east of the emission sources. Deposit levels in Germany are higher than in the U.S.

21. Aral Sea, 1975 and 1996
Figs and : The Aral Sea in the former Soviet Union has shrunk dramatically in area and volume due to extensive diversion of water for irrigation.

22. Change in Aral Sea, 1995–96
Figs and : The image on the left shows the Aral Sea in Overlaying this with the 1996 image in the previous slide makes it possible to depict the change in lake levels (right).

23. Solid Waste Sources, before and after recycling
Fig : Paper products are the largest part of U.S. solid waste, followed by food and yard waste. Recycling can reduce solid waste considerably.

24. Renewing and Recycling Resources
Renewing resources
Solar energy
Other energy sources
Uses for renewable energy
Recycling resources
Recycling collection
Other pollution reduction strategies
Using all reduction strategies at a coking plant
Comparing pollution reduction strategies

25. Pollution Reduction at a Coking Plant
Fig : A coking plant illustrates alternatives for reducing pollution, including: recycling discharges, reducing waste discharges, and increasing environmental capacity.

26. Resource Conservation
Sustainable development
Sustainability and economic growth
Critics of sustainability
Biodiversity
Biological and geographic biodiversity
Biodiversity in the tropics

27. Pollution and National Wealth
Fig : Sulfur emissions in relation to national income suggest that discharges increase and then decline as development and wealth increase.