1. Waste

2. The Generation of Waste
The US generates more than 10 billion metric tons of solid waste each year!
Solid Waste – any discarded solid materials
Junk mail, paper waste, cardboard
Food waste
Cans, bottles, plastics
Diapers, clothing
Packaging, containers, wrappers
Appliances, cars

3. Not All Wastes Are Equal
Biodegradable
Nonbiodegradable
A material that can be broken down by biological processes (decomposers).
A material that cannot be broken down by biological processes.
Ex: plant & animal waste, newspaper, paper bags, cotton fiber, leather
Ex: polyester, plastic, glass, metal

4. Municipal Solid Waste
Wastes produced by households and businesses (AKA – waste made by all of us). Over 236 million tons of all US waste comes from municipal solid waste.

5. Solid Waste from Manufacturing, Mining, and Agriculture
These make up most of the rest of the total solid waste produced in the US.
Includes: scrap metal, plastics, paper, sludge, ash, leftover rock, crop waste, & manure.
** Are average people responsible for this waste?

6. Where does your trash go when you throw it away?
Think Pair Share
Where does your trash go when you throw it away?

7. Landfills A permanent waste-disposal facility
Wastes are put in the ground
Wastes are covered each day with a layer of soil, plastic, or both.

8. Landfill Problems
1.Leachate – water that passes through the solid waste in a landfill, collecting dissolved chemicals from decomposing garbage.
Env.Prob. = leachate could flow into groundwater supplies & make drinking water unsafe to drink
Solution – monitoring wells & storage tanks that hold and treat waste water.

9. Landfill Problems
Methane Gas – flammable gas produced by decomposing organic (once living) waste.
Env.Prob. = methane could seep into the ground & into basements of homes up to 300m away; which could be ignited and/or explode.
Solution – pumped out of landfill & used as fuel.

10. Landfills Now & Later
New landfills are required to have safeguards that reduce pollution problems.
Lined with clay & plastic
Leachate collection & treatment systems
Vent pipes for methane
We are running out of space for landfills

11. Think Pair Share
Imagine that all of the landfills are full and that no more land is available to build new landfills.
What would people do with their wastes?
How might this impact the environment?
How might this impact our society (economics, politics, etc.)

12. Incinerators
In 1999, the US had 102 operational incinerators that were capable of burning up to 94,000 metric tons of municipal solid waste per day.
But,
Some of the waste should not be incinerated (paint, cleaners, batteries, etc.)
Incinerated trash becomes ash that must be disposed.
Air pollution from toxic gases released during burning of some trash.

13. The 3 R’s – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reducing Solid Waste
The 3 R’s – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
1. Reduce
Buy less - buy products that use less packaging or that last longer
2. Reuse
Buy reusable – rechargable, refillable, etc.
3. Recycle
Reusing materials or
recovering valuable materials
from waste or scrap

14. Recycling Benefits
Making products from recycled materials saves energy, water, and other resources.
95% less energy is needed to produce aluminum from recycled aluminum than from ore.
70% less energy is needed to make paper from recycled paper than from trees.

15. Composting
The process of allowing plant waste to decompose into a dark brown material that can be used in gardens to enrich soil.

16. Making Different Choices
Changing the materials we use could eliminate many of the wastes we create.
Ex: juice boxes
Paper vs. Plastic?