1. Ethical Disasters Group 8 By Dominique Amos, Josh Seuss, Alex Finkelstein, Mike Hite, Kevin Hao

2. Ford Pinto  Designed and produced in the late 60s  Went on sale September 11, 1970  Introduced after only 22 months of concept to production  Was conceived not to weigh an ounce over 2000 lbs and not cost anything over $2000  Curb weight 2015-2270 lbs

3. The Flaw  Fuel tank placed on the underside of the car right behind the exposed bolts of the rear axle  The fuel tank would rupture in read end crash speeds of at least 25mph  Exposed bolts only cause further damage to the tank when it become pushed forward in crashes  The now leaking fuel now needed only a spark from the scraping metal of the crash to ignite

4. The Fatal Combination  Crashes at speeds of at least 40 mph would crumple the car in such a way that the doors would jam and be unable to open  This scenario along with the ignited fuel from meant that people would become trapped and burn to death within the vehicle  Fuel tank problem was discovered in early testing

5. Possible Preventions  Using the better designed tank of the Ford Capri  Not used because Lee Iacocca wanted the Pinto in showrooms by 1971  This cut down on production planning by over 18 months  This particular problem was never brought to Iacocca’s attention because any previous problems brought to him were quickly brushed aside  Another fix was a plastic shield between the tank and exposed bolts and a better designed fuel filler neck that reduced rupture rates

6. Ethical Violations  This negligence is a direct violation of the 1 st rule of ethics in the IEEE in which engineers should accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety health and welfare of the public and to disclose factors that might endanger the public or environment.

7.  Ford decided against a last minute redesign based on a cost-benefit model  Calculated that selling as is and paying for customer damages would amount to ~$45 million  Calculated that a redesign would cost ~169 million  Ford decided on the former and was hit with lawsuits in the late 70s

8. Consequences  In one lawsuit in 1978 a California jury awarded $128 million in a lawsuit stemming from an auto accident  More lawsuits came after  In 1978 Ford recalled 1.5 million Pintos  Ford was this first company indicted in a reckless homicide trial and acquitted  Ford ceased production on the Pinto in 1980 after the car’s reputation was destroyed

9. Three Mile Island  Combination of human, mechanical, and electrical failure  Misconnected water hose due to poorly labelled fittings  Failsafe was devised years earlier but never fully implemented  Design flaw in unit 2  Steam entered at an angle that blew water into condenser vacuum  Cased condenser to shutdown  Misread valve readings

10. L’Ambiance Plaza Collapse  Bridgeport Connecticut April 23, 1987  Was to be a sixteen story building with 13 floors of apartments and 3 levels for parking.  Midway through construction the plaza collapsed  28 Construction workers were killed

11. The Flaws  Disregard for safety standards  Design flaws resulting from subcontracting  Lack of accountability

12. The Collapse  Inadequate Design, improper building regulations, poor quality assurance  Improper slab and shear design  Inadequate concrete section  No temporary bracing – stability problems  Use of broken rock fill under footings  Defective welding

13. Prevention  Design by single contractor  Accountability checks

14. Ethical Violations  IEEE and NSPE violations to public safety and high standards  ACM quality and effectiveness of work  ACM professional review

15. Our Project – Malware Detection  Software Product  No lives depend on it  Ethical considerations are still important  Price is not an ethical issue  Make sure the product is advertised so functionality is clear  Looking at meeting customer’s expectations through more than a business view

16. Our Project – Malware Detection  Make sure the product is advertised so that functionality is clear  The System only detects malware; it does not remove it.  It is user initiated, so there is no continually running process. The user must input what file/s they want scanned.

17. Our Project – Malware Detection  Meeting customer’s expectations through more than a business perspective  Updating malware database  Newer malware will decrease the reliability of our system if it is not included in our database  To keep the product useful over the subscription period, new definitions are needed as new malware is discovered.  Customer could act against better judgement on our systems recommendation

18. Our Project – Malware Detection  Meeting customer’s expectations through more than a business perspective  Ensure continued compatibility  Product works with Windows which has updates every day  Updates often cause issues with other software  Customer paid for a subscription to find that the next update causes our system to no longer function