1. DNA Shireen Rudina

3. ingegneria biologica Equipe de dibattito

4. DNA is the basis of life In every living organism, every cell In eukaryotes, found in the nucleus as chromatin

5. Why is DNA important? Forensics and paternity tests Personalized medicine Gene therapy Explains the differences between species and individuals

6. What are some of the barriers we need to break to extract DNA? 1.Cell wall 2.Ribosome 3.Golgi complex 4.Nuclear membrane 5.Cell membrane

7. 4 DNA Nucleotides

8. Erwin Chargaff Analyzed the four nucleotides In DNA of ANY species: – amount of A always equals amount of T – same with G and C

9. Rosalind Franklin X-ray crystallographer Nobel Prize went to Watson and Crick The X-ray diffraction image of DNA she made was used (stolen!) by Watson to prove the 3D structure of DNA

10. Double Helix- Watson & Crick

11. Helix with Legos Red=A Blue=C Green=G Yellow=T

12. Why can’t you see the double helix in the DNA we extracted? 1.The extraction was incorrect. 2.The double helix is microscopic (very small) 3.There are not double helices in the chromatin

13. DNA Structure Shape= Double Helix Antiparallel Sugar-Phosphate backbone - phosphodiester bonds (covalent) Complementary base pairs (Chargaff’s Rule) - hydrogen bonds A=T CΞ G

14. If one strand of DNA is ACCTGG, what is the complementary strand? 1.TGGCTT 2.ACCTGG 3.TGGACC 4.CTTGCC

15. The sequence of bases is important It is a code! It codes for proteins, which perform all the functions of the body

16. What is the monomer of proteins? 1.Amino acids 2.Nucleotides 3.Sugars 4.Phospholipids

18. 20 amino acids

19. START

20. Why is it beneficial for DNA to be double stranded?

21. Why is the sequence important? Everyone’s is different Restriction enzymes cut at different points

22. Murder Case