1. C HAPTER 21 The Roaring 20’s

2. S HIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN LIVING 1920- 51.2% of people lived in cities with populations of 2500-1 million + 1922-1929- migration to cities accelerated, with 2 million leaving farms and small towns each year. Cities were the place to be. But they could be frightening as well.

3. P ROHIBITION 18 th Amendment (1920) : Prohibits the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. Speakeasies: Underground/hidden nightclubs where on spoke quietly or “easily”. Bootleggers : People who smuggled liquor from Canada, Cuba, and the West Indies.

4. P ROHIBITION -C ONTINUED Organized Crime: encouraged by Prohibition. Organized crime grew in about every major city. (Lots of money to be made)

5. C LASH BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION Fundamentalism: Argued that all important knowledge could be found in the Bible. Skeptical of some scientific discoveries and theories. Scopes Trial: A fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools and in American society.

6. T HE T WENTIES WOMAN The Flapper: -An emancipated young woman -Embraced new fashions and urban attitudes -Image of rebellious youth. -Became more assertive. (i.e. Smoking, drinking, casual dating, short dresses, make-up, etc.) New Work Opportunities: - Turned to “women’s professions”-teachers, nurses, librarians, clerks, receptionists, etc. -Job discrimination and inequality in business Right to Vote: 19 th Amendment to the Constitution ratified Aug. 18, 1920.

8. E DUCATION AND POPULAR CULTURE School enrollment : Increased. (1914- 1million, 1926- 4 million.) Schools offered a broad range of courses. Taxes to finance schools increased. Expanding News Coverage : education increased literacy. National newspapers brought expanded coverage. Mass circulation magazines. (Time, Reader’s Digest) Radio Comes of Age : the most powerful communications medium of the 1920’s. You could hear the news as it happened.

9. A MERICA CHASES NEW HEROES AND OLD DREAMS Lindbergh’s Flight : Minnesotan flys from New York to Paris in 33 hours and 29 minutes in May of 1927. Entertainment and the Arts: 1 st talking movie: “The Jazz Singer”. Plays and painters show the realities and dreams of American life. American Jazz. Writers: fresh and insightful writing. One of the richest eras in American literary history. Took on issues Authors: Sinclair Lewis, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Edna St. Vincent Millay.

10. H ARLEM RENAISSANCE A literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture. Led by well educated middle-class African Americans who expressed new pride in the African experience.

11. H ARLEM RENAISSANCE : ACHIEVEMENTS Writers: -Claude McKay -Langston Hughes Performers: Actors- -Paul Robeson -Ethel Waters Singers- -Florence Mills -Mabel Mercer -Josephine Baker Jazz: -Bessie Smith –Blues singer -Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington-jazz pianist and composer -Louis Armstrong- trumpet player