1. Chance and data

2. The modern world is an information world. Governments, credit bureaus, banks and marketeers collect and use information about how we live, where we live, what we buy and what we desire. You can tap into information at home and elsewhere at any time using the Internet. We use statistics to collect, display and analyse information. Statistics and other information can be used to work out the probabilities of future events. In medicine, statistics and probability are used to investigate diseases and their treatment. Governments and other agencies use statistics and probability to decide where to put new developments, and businesses use them to design ad campaigns and to target consumer groups for sales of particular products. Investors use statistics and probability to decide what stocks they should buy on the share market.

3. Collecting and displaying data Statistical information is called data. The collection of data can be very expensive and time consuming, so it is important to collect only the data we need. Read Collecting and tabulating data You may need to refer back to this later

4. Dicuss these and write down some suggestions in your book

5. Types of graphs Circle graphs (pie graphs or sector graphs), picture graphs (pictograms or pictographs) and divided bar charts Draw a sketch of how these look printed on a page A histogram is a column graph used to show frequencies of grouped or ungrouped data. There is no gap between the columns because the data could be continuous. The score groups (such as 25–29, 30–34, etc.) are called classes. The actual upper and lower boundaries of a class are called the upper class limit and lower class limit. A frequency polygon is a line graph of frequencies, with points placed in the centres of class groups. It is usual to show frequencies of zero before the first class and after the last class.

6. A histogram is a column graph used to show frequencies of grouped or ungrouped data. There is no gap between the columns because the data could be continuous. The score groups (such as 25–29, 30–34, etc.) are called classes. The actual upper and lower boundaries of a class are called the upper class limit and lower class limit. A frequency polygon is a line graph of frequencies, with points placed in the centres of class groups. It is usual to show frequencies of zero before the first class and after the last class.

7. What do these look like?

9. The table below shows the temperature of a beaker of hot water as measured by students at 2-minute intervals. a Draw a scatter graph of the results. b Does the temperature fall evenly? c Draw a trend line and predict the temperature at 20 minutes.

11. MATHS ASSIGNMENT OR EXERCISE 7.1 The exercise will certainly help your assignment