1. Basic Definitions  Statistics Collect Organize Analyze Summarize Interpret  Information - Data Draw conclusions

2. Basic Definitions  Population - Sample Population Sample Parameters µ σ ρ Statistics x s p

3. Basic Definitions  Descriptive - Inferential Descriptive –G–Graphs and charts –N–Numerical representations –C–Central Tendency –V–Variability –L–Location Inferential –C–Confidence Intervals –H–Hypothesis Testing

4. Descriptive Probability Inferential

5. Basic Definitions  Variables - Measurement Variables discrete – continuous Variable values Variables independent - dependent Scales –N–Nominal –O–Ordinal –I–Interval –R–Ratio

6. Frequency Distribution Tables Table with two entries: – Variable values – Number of occurrences of each value Grouped frequency distribution tables Ungrouped frequency distribution tables Relative Frequencies Cumulative frequencies

7. Frequency Distribution Graphs Horizontal line  Variable values Vertical line  Frequencies

8. Frequency Distribution Graphs Bar Graph (discrete/nominal variables) Histogram (continuous variables) Frequency Polygon (middle points top of histograms) Ogive (ptq)

9. Measures of Central Tendency The Mean (arithmetic average) The Median (middle value) The Mode (most frequent value) Which one? Central Tendency and shape of distribution

10. Measures of Variability The Range The Population Variance and Standard Deviation The Sample Variance and Standard Deviation

11. Measures of Location Z-scores and Location Percentiles Box Plots