1. Daily Life in Ancient Egypt

2. The New Kingdom Powerful & Stable Ma’at- combination of ideas: harmony with the universe, justice, order, & peace Must maintain ma’at for the world to remain safe & stable To maintain ma’at: work hard, be a good person, live in harmony with one another Pharaoh: rule wisely & well so order was maintained

3. The Hittite Empire Lived in Anatolia (present-day Turkey) Well-fortified capital Expanded empire to West & South

4. The Hittites Expansion was aided by their development of smelting iron –Swords & other weapons –Chariots

5. Your assignment

6. Adorning the Body Light & simple clothing Rich & poor, men & women work jewelry, dyed hair, wore wigs & make-up

7. Burial Practices Believed in the afterlife, preserved the body Wealthy Egyptians were mummified.- removed all organs but the heart, covered it in salt, 40 days later washed, oiled & wrapped body in fabric. Spread black gooey momia over the body Poor Egyptians were wrapped in old clothing & buried in the ground

8. Crafts & Trade Highly skilled- created furniture, jewelry, pottery Taught their craft at a young age, went to school at the pharaoh’s palace Traded grain, gold, copper, linen, gemstones, and minerals for timber, iron, silver, tin, and lead

9. Domestic Life Married within social class. Girls- 12, Boys-14 Upper class women oversaw the household, lower class women also cooked, cleaned, and helped in the field Women had rights and were seen as equal to men in the eyes of the law Children were allowed to play and be kids

10. Food & Drink Most Egyptians spent a lot of time farming to grown vegetables, wheat, and barley, which they made into bread & beer. (Drank water & wine, too) Very different based on class. Upper class: Wide selection- meat and fowl (beef, pork, geese, ducks), vegetables (peas, beans, cucumbers, lettuce), cheese, cakes, fruit. Lower class: simple meals-bread, vegetables, fish

11. Housing Houses made of mud brick Upper class- large homes, 2 stories tall, many rooms including bathrooms Lower class- simple houses, few small rooms, narrow high windows & little furniture

12. Medicine Doctors used parts of plants and herbs, such as garlic, in their treatments Doctors treated injuries & wounds with bandages and stitches, but did not perform surgery Relied on magicians to treat illness & to help women during pregnancy & child birth

13. Music & Dance Performed at public & religious festivals, holidays, and feasts Usually women, many were supported by the royal court and nobles Variety of instruments- harp, lyre, flute, oboe, tambourine, drums

14. Religious Beliefs Osiris- passed judgment on the souls of the dead Anubis- helped prepare bodies of dead for afterlife Priests and priestesses carried out rituals in temples to honor gods & goddesses Commoners made offerings to gods and goddesses in their homes

15. Social Classes Pharaoh ---- Royal Family, Nobles, Gov. Officials ----- Priests ----- Scribes ---- Artists/Skilled Workers ---------- Laborers, Farmers During flood season, famers would work on the pharaoh’s building projects

16. Warfare Army of full-time soldiers stationed throughout the empire to protect Egypt In peacetime, soldiers dug canals or built pharaoh’s tombs Mercenaries (soldiers from other lands who were paid to fight for Egypt) were sometimes part of the army Variety of weapons : javelins, swords, shields, padded caps, chariots

17. Writing & Education Scribes administered laws, collected taxes, recorded the grain & food supply, kept the census, measured the rise of the Nile & kept military records Boys attended school for 12 years, often sunrise to sunset with strict teachers Learned hieroglyphics and hieratic writing