1. Unit XVII – Early Africa Ancient Civilizations to the 1600’s. Geography, 2 - 4 Egypt, 5 -11 Others, 12 -15 Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved

2. 1. Satellite Map of Africa

3. 2. Topographical Map of Africa

4. 3. Ancient Kingdoms of Africa A. Egypt B. Nubian C. Axum D. Ghana E. Mali F. Songhai G. Benin H. Zimbabwe

5. 4. Ancient Kingdoms of Africa

6. 5. Egypt A. Where was the Nile Kingdom located? B. What groups unified to form a strong kingdom and when? C. What happened during the 3 periods of Egyptian history? D. Why was the flooding of the Nile so important?

7. 6. Accomplishments of the Old Kingdom

8. 7. Social Hierarchy in Egyptian Society A. Pharaoh B. Priests and noblemen C. Viziers D. Scribes E. Common People What status did women have in Egyptian society? -

9. 8. Important People/Gods A. Menes B. Ptah-hotep C. Pharaoh Hathshepsut D. Ramses II E. Sinhue F. Amon Re G. Isis H. Osiris

10. 9. Video

11. 10. The Decline of Egypt A. Invasions 1. Hyksos 2. Hittites 3. Assyrians 4. Nubians 5. Greeks 6. Romans

12. 11. Accomplishments of the Egyptians A. mummification B. hieroglyphics C. demotic D. physiology E. mathematics F. astronomy G. bureaucracy H. papyrus I. medicine

13. 12. Other Civilizations North of the Sahara A. Nubia 1. location - trade 2. adopted customs 3. great traders 4. products: –A. gold –B. ivory –C. animal skins –D. perfumes –E. slaves B. Axum (200BC-600) 1. location - trade 2. converted to Christianity 3. defeated by Muslims 4. products: A. cloth 2. linens 3. ivory 4. brass, copper 5. olive oil

14. 13. St. Mary of Zion - Ethiopia

15. 14. The Civilizations of West Africa A. Where was Ghana (800-1000) and why was it famous? B. Where was Mali (1200-1450) and why was it famous? C. Where was Songhai (1450-1600) and why was it famous? D. What made Timbuktu important?

16. 15. The Hausa, Benin and the Great Zimbabwe A. Hausa (1300’s), West Africa, city states that had walled cities, trade centers, women leaders and written language. B. Benin (1300’s), the west coast, forest people, great cities, wood carvers, bronze sculptors, traders (pepper, ivory, slaves) C. Zimbabwe (900-1500), s. east coast, stone builders, traders (gold, porcelain, skins, ivory)

17. 16. The Great Zimbabwe

18. 17. A Village in Benin

19. 18. Connection to Climate and Geography A. How were the lives of Africa people dependent upon their climate and geography? (You must give 3 specific examples after giving your answer.)

20. 19. Important Terms and People A. cataract B. vizier C. scribe D. Rosetta Stone E. mummification F. papyrus G. matriarchal society H. Mansa Musa I. desert J. savanna K. tropical rain forest L. steppes M. erosion N. leaching O. desertification P. caravan routes Q. geographic barriers – exploration R. cultural diversity S. tribalism