1. Chapter 2 Section 2 Egypt

2. Egypt Modern Day EgyptAncient Egypt

3. Geography & Climate Nile River Valley Fertile Soil Upstream Winds Sunny & Frost-Free Desert & Sea = Natural Protection

4. Canal on Nile Flood Plain Felucca Boats

6. Religion Polytheistic - Sun gods & Land gods Afterlife Pharaohs- gods on earth

7. Economy Trade over Isthmus of Suez into Middle East Travel by sea or caravan Trade Surplus Food- Wheat, Barley, Flax, Cotton Peasants farm and give crops for rent & taxes

9. Menes-3200 B.C.E. Unites Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom-crushes rebellion= prosperity Founds 1 st of 30 dynasties Religious & Political Leader

10. Menes Conquering Lower Egypt

11. Old KingdomMiddle KingdomNew Kingdom Dates & Duration When/How long did it last- # of years Advancements/ Accomplishments Internal Power Structure Who had power? Was anyone gaining or losing power? Reason for decline Why did it end?

12. Old KingdomMiddle KingdomNew Kingdom Dates & Duration About 500 years 2700-2200 B.C.E. About 405 years 2055-1650 B.C.E. About 480 years 1550-1070 B.C.E. Advancements/ accomplishments Great Pyramid for King Khufu Pharaohs make public works projects to help people/conquered nubia Pharaohs extend territory to land along Mediterranean Sea & to Nubia Empire begins Internal Power Structure Pharaoh rule but Bureaucracy helps Pharaohs ruled, but were weakened by nobles and priests Pharaohs had absolute power for a time Local governors- sons & bros to Thebes Reason for decline Power Struggles disorder Power Struggles = Invasion of Hyksos From Asia w/ Chariots Invaders- Nubia, Persia, Assyria & Revolt

13. End of the Old Kingdom- Relief showing men, women, and children suffering from the effects of severe famine

14. PHARAOHS CROWNED WITH SHEPHERD’S CROOK AND FLAIL Middle Kingdom The Middle Kingdom was characterized by a new concern of the pharaohs for the people. In the Old Kingdom, the pharaoh had been viewed as an inaccessible god-king. Now he was portrayed as the shepherd of his people.

15. Tutankhamen- Boy King Polytheism comes back Tomb found 1922 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/20 04/11/photogalleries/king_tut/

16. Pharaohs of the New Kingdom Hatshepsut- c. 1503-1482 B.C.E. - Female, ruled after husband Thutmose II died - Married to half brother - Almost erased from history by stepson

17. New Kingdom Pharaohs Amenhotep IV- 1380-1362 B.C.E. –Not a good leader –Changed religion to monotheism temporarily –Aten the sun god worshipped –Capital from Thebes to Aketaton –Changes name to Akhenaton “he who is pleasing to Aten”

18. Ramses II- 1279-1213 B.C.E. Last strong pharaoh before decline Great temples and monuments Wages war against invaders- Hittites

19. Egypt after decline Dominated by outsiders & finally Macedonia and Alexander the Great Cleopatra VII tries to get back independence, but fails and Rome takes over in the 1st century B.C.

20. Egyptian Social Classes In your notes draw a pyramid and label it. Use the information on p.41

21. Daily Life Marriage –Married young and arranged –Children especially males valued Roles of Men and Women –Men in charge but… Women could own property and inheritances Could own businesses 4 Women Pharaohs

22. Writing Hieroglyphics vs. Hieratic Script Upper class boys train to be scribes starting at age 10 Rosetta Stone

23. Art & Science Calculate area and volume Accurate 365 day calendar Embalming Medical knowledge- splints, bandages, treatments for disease