1. Egypt Kristen Eckhardt- Researcher Kristen Eckhardt- Researcher Joey Mitchell- Researcher Courtney Torbert- Design Marcus Wright- Presenter 

2. Time Line ► Periods / DynastiesMain events 3100-2950 BCLate Predynastic PeriodEarliest known hieroglyphic writing Foundation of the Egyptian state 2950-2575 BCEarly Dynastic Period (1st-3rd Dynasties)Creation of the capital city of Memphis Intensive contact with Palestine The first pyramid is built - the Step Pyramid at Saqqara 2575-2150 BCOld Kingdom (4th-8th Dynasties) The Great Pyramids are built at Dahshur and Giza Pyramids and elite tombs include the first extensive inscriptions 2125-1975 BC1st Intermediate Period (9th-11th Dynasties)Egypt splits into two smaller states, ruled from Memphis in the north and Thebes in the south 1975-1640 BCMiddle Kingdom (11th-14th Dynasties) © Mentuhotep reunites Egypt Amenemhat I founds a new royal residence near Memphis Egypt conquers Lower Nubia under Senwosret I and III Classical period of art and literature 1630- 1520 BC2nd Intermediate Period (15th-17th Dynasties)Hyksos kings seize power in the north Theban 17th dynasty in the south 1539-1075 BCNew Kingdom (18th-20th Dynasties) © Egyptian empire in Near East and Nubia Elaborate tombs of the Valley of Kings Rule of woman pharaoh Hatshepsut King Akhenaten attempts to introduce a monotheistic religion Brief reign of Tutankhamun Ramesses II rules for 67 years 1075-715 BC3rd Intermediate Period (21st-25th Dynasties)Disunity and Libyan settlement in Egypt Nubians conquer Egypt (late 8th century) 715-332 BCLate Period (20th-30th Dynasties, 2nd Persian Period)Egypt conquered briefly by Assyrians Cultural revival under kings from Sais Persian conquest of Egypt (525 BC) Egypt independent again (404-343 BC) 332 BC-395 ADGreco-Roman Period (Macedonians, Ptolemies, and Romans) © Alexander the Great occupies Egypt Alexander's general, Ptolemy, becomes king and founds a dynasty The Rosetta Stone is carved (196 BC) Cleopatra VII reigns (51-30 BC) Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire (30 BC) © HatshepsutAkhenaten Ramesses II © HatshepsutAkhenaten Ramesses II ©

3. Geography ► Environment ► - Part of the Sahara Desert  Very Dry  Nile River runs through which starts in the rain forest South of Egypt. ► 1450 BC

4. Government ► Structure  Dominated by a single “god like” man known as the Pharaoh.  Theocracy- controlled by the clergy ► Organized  Government officials-vizier, or the prime minister, the chief treasurer, the tax collector, the minister of public works, and the army commander.

5. Notable Rulers ► Akhenaten- Attempted to make Egyptian’s a monotheistic religion. ► Akhenaten- Attempted to make Egyptian’s a monotheistic religion. ► Amenhotep III- Lead during one of the most prosperous times in Egyptian history. ► Hatshepsut- Longest reigning women pharaoh. ► Khufu- Builder of the temples of Giza (only one of the seven wonders of the world remaining). ► King Tut (Tutankhamun)- His tomb helped us to learn a lot more about Egyptians. ► Ramses II- Known for expansion and buildings; also important person in the story of Exodus. ► Snefru- Helped Egyptian trade and economy, most famous for the Bent Pyramid of Dashur.

6. Military Activities ► Expansion  3200 B.C. – 3100 B.C.- First Pharaoh Menes-Naramer, ruler of the Southern (upper) Egypt, conquered the Northern (lower) Egypt, making the first large feudal state. ► Weapons  Light infantry wore a belt and a G-string and carried a bow.  Heavy infantry had shields, a bronze sword, and a copper-headed spear.  The chariot ► Methods  Natural borders were sufficient to protect the Egyptians from outside interference for centuries.  Defense forts built during the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 B.C.)

7. Contributions ► Inventions  Black Ink  First Ox-Drawn Plows  365 Day Calendar and Leap Year  Paper  First Triangular Shaped Pyramids  Organized labor  Hieroglyphics as an early system of writing  Sails ► Teachings ► Religions ► Writings ► Economic trade

8. Religious Practice ► The Egyptians had a “polytheistic” religion, meaning that they had multiple gods. They are thought to have as many as 2000 gods. ► There two most popular gods were Amon-Ra (god of the universe and sun) and Osiris (god of death) ► People were able to worship their gods in temples. Temples were thought to be a place where people could communicate with gods. Nearly every town had a temple where they worshipped Egyptian gods and local gods.