1. Pyramids on the Nile

2. Geography of Egypt
Nile River
Many settlements
Yearly Flood

3. Geography of Egypt Environmental Challenges
More regular than Mesopotamia
Waters low  silt and crops down  starvation
Waters high  Destroyed homes, seeding

4. Geography of Egypt South (Upper Egypt) North (Lower Egypt)
Nile  Transportation
Unified villages, promoted trade

5. King Narmer
3000 BC
United Upper and Lower
Capital at Memphis

6. Kingdom of Egypt Pharaohs rule as gods Egyptians  Kings were gods
Theocracy – Rule based on religious authority
Pharaohs cause sun to rise, Nile to flood, crops to grow

7. Pyramids Ka – eternal life force Tombs important
Pyramid  resting place after death
Supply of stone  granite and limestone
Reflect strength of Egyptian civilization

8. Religion Polytheistic – Re (Sun), Osiris (Death), Isis (Women)
Mummification
Canopic jars – brains, liver, etc.
Embalming
Salt and baking soda

9. Social Structure Royal Family
Upper Class (Gov’t officials, priests, military)
Middle Class (Merchants, artisans)
Lower Class (Farmers, laborers) Slaves
Women had many rights

10. Writing
Hieroglyphics
Papyrus

11. Science and Technology
Calendar
Numbers  Taxes
Heart rate, splints

12. Invaders Old Kingdom Ends 2180 Middle Kingdom 2040-1640
Hyksos rule
From Palestine