1. Welcome to the Ancient Civilizations 70’s Dance Party !

2. Ancient Civilizations 70’s Dance Party! The Movers & the ShakersWe need 2 Big Groups and 2 small groups (The Movers & the Shakers) within the big group. Form 2 lines that face each other. Movers Shakers. (3.5 Mins)Movers share ONE question from their list and discuss the answer with their partner across the isle. Repeat this process with the Shakers. (3.5 Mins) When time is up, the movers slide down one position or (boogie down one position). Shakers stay in place or Shake your groove thang!When time is up, the movers slide down one position or (boogie down one position). Shakers stay in place or Shake your groove thang! The Mover at the end of the line should boogie down between the rows to the other end.

3. Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

4. Why River Valleys? 1. Offered rich soils for agriculture1. Offered rich soils for agriculture 2. Tended to be located in places that could offer protection from nomadic invaders2. Tended to be located in places that could offer protection from nomadic invaders

6. The Fertile Crescent Arc of land between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea in Southwest AsiaArc of land between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia

7. One land…Two Rivers Mesopotamia means = “land between the rivers”Mesopotamia means = “land between the rivers” –Tigris River and Euphrates River Both rivers flooded once a year and left thick bed of silt.Both rivers flooded once a year and left thick bed of silt. –Silt: rich, new soil farmers could plant and harvest enormous quantities of wheat and barley

8. Religion & Politics Power of the Priests Sumer’s earliest governments were controlled by temple priestsSumer’s earliest governments were controlled by temple priests –Farmers believed they needed blessings for success of their crops –Priests were the middle man for the Gods –Priests demanded portion of farmer crops as tax

9. Political Later followed Hereditary rulers: when the power is passed down to family membersLater followed Hereditary rulers: when the power is passed down to family members Sargon

10. City-state City-state - an independent city and it’s surrounding land. For example Washington D. C. or Vatican City in Rome.

11. MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATIONSS LOCATIONTITLES IMPORTANT LEADERS SUMER SOUTHERN PART OF MESOPOTAMIA FIRST CIVILIZATION OF THE WORLD UR – NAMMU AKKAD SOUTHERN PART OF MESOPOTAMIA FIRST EMPIRE OF THE WORLD SARGON I BABYLONIA CENTRAL PART OF MESOPOTAMIA OLD BABYLONIAN EMPIRE HAMMURABI ASSYRIA NORTHERN PART OF MESOPOTAMIA SCOURGE OF GODS ASSURNASIRPALASHURBANIPAL CHALDEA CENTRAL PART OF MESOPOTAMIA NEW BABYLONIAN EMPIRE NEBUCHADNEZZAR

12. Sargon of Akkad: The World’s First Empire [Akkadians]

13. Babylonian Empire They overtook Sumerians around 2000 B.C. And they built capital, Babylon, on Euphrates river

14. The Babylonian Empires

15. The most famous king of Babylonian Empire was Hammurabi [1792-1750 B.C.] Famous Code of Law “the punishment fits the crime” and “eye for an eye” He took all the laws of the region’s city-states and unified them into one code. This helped unify the region.

16. Hammurabi’s [r. 1792-1750 B. C. E.] Code

17. Economy Metal tools and weapons (bronze, iron) Metal tools and weapons (bronze, iron) Increasing agricultural surplus (better tools, plows, irrigation) Increasing agricultural surplus (better tools, plows, irrigation) Increasing trade along rivers – traded with Egypt Increasing trade along rivers – traded with Egypt Development of the world’s first cities Development of the world’s first cities Specialization of labor Specialization of labor

18. Religion Polytheistic: Belief in Many Gods (3,000!!!)Polytheistic: Belief in Many Gods (3,000!!!) Gods could be angered at any moment and to keep them happy Sumerians:Gods could be angered at any moment and to keep them happy Sumerians: –Built impressive ziggurats or temples to sacrifice food, wine and animals –Souls of the dead wandered in the land of no return

19. MORE ZIGGURATS!!!

20. Sumerian Society Kings and Priests Wealthy merchants Ordinary Sumerian people Slaves

21. Women Could hold propertyCould hold property Join lower ranks of priesthoodJoin lower ranks of priesthood There were few women scribesThere were few women scribes –Scholars think that girls were not allowed to attend schools

22. Intellectual Epic of Gilgamesh Myths and legends recorded in this long poem One of the earliest works of literature in the world

23. Gilgamesh The Mesopotamians believed that the dead descended to a gloomy underworld.The Mesopotamians believed that the dead descended to a gloomy underworld. This Epic contains a different account of the “Great Flood”.This Epic contains a different account of the “Great Flood”.

24. “Gilgamesh, whither are you wandering? Life, which you look for, you will never find. For when the gods created man, they let Death be his share, and withheld life In their own hands”

25. Achievements Science and Technology Invented the wheel, the sail, the plow First to use bronze. Developed system of writing Built irrigation systems, buildings, surveyed flooded fields.

26. Achievements Science and Technology Invented the wheel, the sail, the plow First to use bronze. Developed system of writing Built irrigation systems, buildings, surveyed flooded fields.

27. Egypt Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

28. Egypt Unites In the beginning, Egypt was separated into two kingdoms: –1. Lower Egypt –2. Upper Egypt

29. Lower Egypt Upper Egypt

30. King Menes Established a capital, Memphis Established first Egyptian Dynasty Unites Upper and Lower Egypt

31. United United lower and upper Egypt and wore a crown that symbolized its united kingdom

32. Pharaohs Egyptian kings = pharaohs The Egyptians viewed their pharaohs the same as the gods –KINGS WERE GODS Stood as center of religion as well as government and army Type of Government = Theocracy

34. Trade By 3200 BC, Egyptians were trading with the Mesopotamians Also traded up and down the Nile –Gold –Ivory –Cattle –Granite blocks

35. Religion Polytheistic 2,000 gods and goddesses Built huge temples to honor gods Believed in afterlife –Osiris – god of the dead

36. Video Link

37. Social Very different from the city- states of Mesopotamia Egypt’s united kingdom allowed –High degree of unity –Stability –Cultural continuity (staying the same)

38. Life in Egyptian Society Pharaoh Royal Advisor Priests Traders/Merchants Slaves Ordinary Citizens

39. Intellectual Developed writing = hieroglyphics –Pictographic writing system Developed written numbers for recording taxes –Addition, subtraction

42. Achievements Knowledge in math = skillful engineers –Pyramids –Palaces Egyptian Architects first to use stone columns in homes, palaces and temples 12 month, 365 day calendar from studying the stars –So accurate it was only 6 hours off from today’s calendar year

43. Calendar/ Time Piece

45. Geography Nile River – 4,132 miles long, flows northward Every year in July the river flooded REGULARLY leaving behind rich soil. The Nile is the longest river in the world! Forbidden Deserts on either side of the Nile = Natural barriers

47. Desert = Dry Water = Fertile/Green