1. Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt Chapter 10.1

3. Mesopotamia  Mesopotamia = “between the rivers”  Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers  Est. roughly around 4500 B.C.

4. City States  Each city was considered to be an independent country or nation  Earliest city-states arose in an area called Sumer (est. 4000 B.C.) Trivia question: What person from the Bible was from the city of UR?

6. Religion and Government  At the center of each city was a ziggurat  Their religion was based on Polytheism  Religious leaders were in charge of the government (Theocracy)

7. Sumerians  Invented the wheel and sailboat  First people to keep records and write down laws  Writing system was called Cuneiform (3500B.C)  Believed to have written the first story, Epic of Gilgamesh (2000 B.C.)

8. Akkad and Babylon  Sumer was taken over around 2300 by the Akkad kingdom led by King Sargon  Sargon was the first to create an empire  Akkadian empire was then taken over by Babylon around 1800BC

9. Akkad and Babylon  One of Babylon’s greatest kings was Hammurabi  Hammurabi put together one set of laws for the entire empire called Hammurabi’s Code

10. Phoenicians  Lived in current day Lebanon (1200B.C.)  Most important traders of their day  Helped to spread ideas and cultures around the known world They are known for their alphabet which led to the Greek, Hebrew, and Latin alphabet

11. Ancient Egypt Chapter 10.1

12. Egypt  Egyptian Civilization developed along the Nile River  Originally was split up into 2 kingdoms (Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt) Narmer, King of Upper Egypt, Conquered Lower Egypt and united the 2 Kingdoms

13. Government  Egypt’s government was a theocracy, with the Pharaoh being the leader  Pharaoh was considered a god and was the center of Egyptian Life

14. Religion  Egyptians believed in many gods  Re= god of the sun  Hapi= god of the Nile  Osiris= god of the harvest

15. Religion  Egyptians believed in the afterlife, and that the soul could not live without the body  Egyptians embalmed and mummified those who could afford it

16. Religion  The poor were buried in caves or in the sand  The largest tombs belonged to Pharaoh Great Pyramid of Khufu

17. Egyptians  Form of writing = hieroglyphics  Developed math based system on the #10  Developed geometry  First to use splints and bandages for wounds  Created clocks