1. Early Civilizations of the Ancient Middle East

2. What is Important? Societies transition from... – simple – agricultural – equalitarian...... to Kingdoms and Empires Religion – animism....... polytheism (monotheism) Religion becomes a source and tool of power.

3. What is important? Technology – Copper...... Iron – Mathematics – Language – Military organization and logistics weapons (design and materials) – swords – bows – chariots

4. What is Important? Patriarchy Gender relations

5. 5000 450040003500300025002000150010005000 Development of Towns Development of towns Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites + Hieroglyphics + Linear B+ Linear A + Phoenician Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians c. 4300 Uruk copper plows potters wheel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians Copper + cuneiform + Bronze Development of Towns Development of towns Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians c. 4300 Uruk copper plows potters wheel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites + Iron Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians Development of Towns Development of towns Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians c. 4300 Uruk copper plows potters wheel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians Copper Development of Towns Development of towns Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians c. 4300 Uruk copper plows potters wheel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumerian culture / Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites + Iron Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - Classical Phoenicians

6. Cuneiform Akkadian Hittite Sumerian Old Persian

7. Linear A (currently undeciphered) Minoan

8. Mycenaean Greek Linear A

9. Egyptian Hieroglyphics

10. Produced 196 BCE Re-discovered in 1799 Translated 1803 - 1822 Hieroglyphs Demotic Ancient Greek

11. Phoenician Greek

12. Ancient Writing Systems Middle East Cuneiform3,200 BCE – 100 C Egyptian Hieroglyphics3,200 BCE – 400 CE – Demotic 650 BCE – 400 CE Linear A1,900 – 1,450 BCE Linear B1,450 – 1,150 BCE Phoenician1,050 BCE – c. 200 BCE Greek800 BCE – Present Latin700 BCE – Present