2. Introduction  Let’s Read – page 687 paragraph one  What of this to do we agree with?  What don’t we agree with and why?

3.  Mutations are changes in a sequence of DNA  They may be harmful, neutral or beneficial (there are incredibly few beneficial mutations)

4. Broad Types of Mutations Point mutations – change a single base pair Gene mutations – change the amino acid that was coded for – usually involve more than one base pair

5. Brief to Do:  Fill in the worksheet called “Types of Mutations”  The types and pictures can be found on page 687  The descriptions can be found on page 688  You have 20 minutes

6. Other Mutation Vocabulary  A frameshift mutation causes the reading frame of codons to change  Result: completely different amino acids are coded for  How many base pairs need to be inserted or deleted to cause a frameshift mutation?

7.  Translocation is the movement of a group of base pairs from one part of the genome to another  2 pieces of DNA from different chromosomes break and switch places  RESULT – ”fusion” proteins produced have altered function if any function at all  Some leukemia is associated with translocation

8.  An inversion – a piece of chromosome has turned itself around  RESULT : a gene may be disrupted

9. Causes of Genetic Mutations  A spontaneous mutation is caused when the DNA is being replicated (ex. By DNA polymerase I)  Mutagenic agents can cause induced mutations  Examples of mutagenic agents are UV radiation, cosmic rays, X-rays and some chemicals

10. To Do:  With a partner or on your own do the case study on page 689 called “Gene Mutations and Cancer”  Hand in your answers together #1-6

11. Part 2

12. Inferring Relationships from DNA Sequences  As a class read page 690 and 691

13. Vocab  Phylogeny – proposed evolutionary history of a species or group of organisms  SINEs – (short interspersed elements) – repeated DNA sequences 300 bp long that alternate with lengths of DNA sequences found in the genome of higher organisms  LINEs – (long interspersed elements) - repeated DNA sequences 5000 - 70000 bp long that alternate with lengths of DNA sequences found in the genome of higher organisms

14. Any other notes?  Mitochonridial DNA (mtDNA) -

15. To Do:  Watch “Animals the Defy Evolution”  Make any necessary flashcards

16. Next Day to do: 1) Protein Synthesis Review Wksht 2) p. 694 #1-7 3) p. 702 #1-7, 21 4) P. 705 #1-15 5) Go to the computer lab and do “Science Gizmo” – RNA to Protein worksheet