1. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 1 The Internet Registry System CEENet Workshop Budapest, August 2000 Vesna Manojlovic BECHA@ripe.net

2. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 2 RIPE RIPE NCC Internet Governance Global Internet Registry System –IP address distribution & registration –IPv6 –RIPE Database –Reverse DNS Delegation Overview

3. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 3 Questions always welcome!

4. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 4 Reseaux IP Européens

5. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 5 What is RIPE? Reseaux IP Européens (1989) –forum for network engineers to discuss technical issues RIPE is –service provider forum –open for everybody –voluntary participation, no fees –works by consensus –encourages face-to-face discussion –acts like an “interest group” supporting Internet community –but has NO legal power

6. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 6 How RIPE Works RIPE chair –Chair: Rob Blokzijl (Nikhef) How does it work? –Working groups –Mailing lists –Meetings

7. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 7 Join RIPE Working Groups Local Internet Registries (LIR) RIPE Database (DB) IP version 6 (IPv6) European Internet Exchange Forum (EIX) Routing / MBONE Domain Name System (DNS) NETNEWS Co-ordination Anti-Spam Test-Traffic Project European Operators Forum (EOF) RIPE does NOT develop Internet Standards

8. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 8 Global Context World-wide Internet Technical Development & Standards Body World-wide Operators Forum EU Operators USA Operators Asian Operators IETF IEPG RIPE APRICOT NANOG

9. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 9 Subscribe to RIPE Mailing Lists General announcement list – Working group lists – –etc. For more information –Send “help” to Join the mailing lists and get informed http://www.ripe.net/info/maillists.html

10. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 10 RIPE Meetings 3 times a year ~3.5 day long 300+ participants Working group meetings Plenary Presentations Long breaks Informal chats Terminal room –IPv4, IPv6 and wireless connectivity

11. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 11 Come to RIPE Meetings Keep up to date with Internet developments Meet others in the business Gather information, tips, ideas Influence directions in Internet administration –in RIPE NCC service region and beyond Next meeting RIPE 37 –Amsterdam, 12-15. September 2000 –

12. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 12 RIPE Meeting Attendees in 1999 Total 857 other

13. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 13 RIPE Meeting Attendance per Organisational Category 1999

14. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 14 RIPE Network Coordination Centre

15. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 15 What is the RIPE NCC? Not-for-profit association under Dutch law 8 years of history 2000+ members (mainly ISPs, but open to anyone) Co-ordination and support services for ISPs

16. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 16 Why a NCC ? RIPE participation was increasing Too much RIPE work done on a voluntary basis Activities require continuity & co-ordination Neutrality and impartiality is important Contact point inside & outside RIPE region

17. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 17 RIPE NCC History April 1992: Birth of the RIPE NCC –TERENA legal umbrella September 1992: RIR Function 1995: Contributing Local IRs 1998: Independent Organisation –not-for-profit association under Dutch law –General Assembly of all members –Executive Board of elected nominees http://www.ripe.net/annual-report/99ar.html

18. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 18 Vital Statistics Statistics 1992 –3 staff members –No Local IR’s –182,528 hosts in European Internet –7,955 objects in RIPE database (June ‘92) Statistics Now –62 staff (21 nationalities)  2,018+ participating Local IR’s  11,390,000+ countable hosts in the RIPE NCC region  3,041,650+ objects in the database

19. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 19 > 2 New Members per Day

20. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 20 New LIRs in 2000

21. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 21 RIPE NCC Member Services Registration Services –IPv4 addresses –IPv6 addresses –AS numbers –Reverse domain name delegation –LIR Training Courses

22. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 22 RIPE NCC Public Services Co-ordination –RIPE support –RIPE database maintenance –Routing Registry Maintenance (RR) –Liaison with: LIRs / RIRs / ICANN / etc … –Information dissemination Special Projects –Test Traffic –Routing Information Service (RIS) –Routing Registry Consistency (RR)

23. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 23 Formal Decision Making “Consensus” Model RIPE proposes activity plan RIPE NCC proposes budget to accompany activity plan General Assembly votes on both activities and budget at yearly meeting

24. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 24 Internet Governance

25. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 25 Authority in the Net?? The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the non-profit corporation that was formed to assume responsibility for the IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions now performed under U.S. Government contract by IANA and other entities.

26. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 26 Developments in Internet Governance PSOASODNSO RIPE NCC ARIN APNIC ICANN RIPEAPNIC mtg.ARIN mtg. At Large

27. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 27 Address Supporting Organization RIR agreed on a proposal “Simple model” MoU between ICANN and RIRs Policies set through existing regional processes Address Council established –oversee policy development processes –select ICANN directors (open process) http://www.aso.icann.org

28. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 28 Global Internet Registry System

29. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 29 Goals of the Internet Registry System Fair distribution of address space Conservation –prevention of stockpiling of addresses Aggregation –hierarchical distribution of globally unique address space –permits aggregation of routing information Registration –provision of public registry –ensures uniqueness and enables troubleshooting

30. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 30 Service Regions

31. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 31 Address Distribution Global Authority RIR /8 LIR (ISP/Enterprise) /20 +RIPE NCC Members ISP / End Users /32 + Anybody with a network/host

32. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 32 Address Space Usage 60% 97% 40,1% 96,5% 97% 98%

33. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 33 Terminology Allocation –address space given to registries which is held by them to assign to customers Assignment –address space given to end-users for use in operational networks assignment /20 allocation = 4096 addresses assignment

34. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 34 Classful Notation 16,777,216 65,536 networkhost 8 16 Class A Class B Class C 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 256 24 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 110 10 0 Obsolete because of – depletion of B space – too many routes from C space Solution – Classless Inter Domain Routing – hierarchical address space allocation

35. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 35 Classless Notation AddressesPrefixClassfulNet Mask... 8 /29 255.255.255.248 16/28255.255.255.240 32/27255.255.255.224 64/26255.255.255.192 128/25255.255.255.128 256/241 C255.255.255.0... 4096/2016 C’s255.255.240.0 8192/1932 C’s255.255.224 16384 32768 65536 /18 /17 /16 64 C’s 128 C’s 1 B 255.255.192 255.255.128 255.255.0.0...

36. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 36 How to get IP addresses? Go to your Local Internet Registry –Your provider is probably one or is connected to one http://www.ripe.net/lir/registries/europe.html If you are a provider and think you may need to be an LIR? –Contact RIPE NCC

37. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 37 Becoming a LIR Complete application form (ripe-212) Provide Reg-ID & contact persons Read relevant RIPE documents Sign service agreement (ripe-191) –agreed to follow policies and procedures Pay sign-up & yearly fee –

38. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 38 Obtaining IP Addresses Through Existing LIR

39. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 39 Providing Information (1) Overview of organisation information relevant to the address space request –name and location of the organisation? –organisation activities? –what is the structure? does it have subsidiaries and where? how many departments? for what part of the company are the addresses requested? Possible additional information -pointer to web site -deployment plan -special technologies -purchase receipts

40. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 40 Providing Information (2) Design of the network how many physical segments it will consist of? what is each segment going to be used for? –including equipment used how many hosts are in each segment? expectations of growth topology map –Utilisation and efficiency guidelines 25% immediately, 50% in one year operational needs; no reservations –Can address space be conserved by using: different subnet sizes? avoiding padding between subnets? –Any address space already in use? returning and renumbering? (encouraged)

41. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 41 dynamic dial-up Amsterdam web/mail/ftp servers Amsterdam customers’ servers Amsterdam training room LAN Amsterdam Amsterdam office LAN (*1) dynamic dial-up Utrecht web/mail/ftp servers Utrecht Inet cafe Utrecht training room LAN Utrecht 128 32 16 64 128 32 16 448 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.128 0.0.0.160 0.0.0.176 0.0.0.192 0.0.1.0 0.0.1.128 0.0.1.160 0.0.1.176 100 10 8 14 24 0 14 0 170 297 342Totals (*1) Office LAN = workstations, router, 2 printers and 1 fileserver Relative Subnet Mask Size Imm 1yr 2yr Description Prefix Addressing Plan 100 12 10 14 35 100 12 14 0 100 16 13 14 50 100 25 14 10

42. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 42 Request Overview request-size: 448 addresses-immediate: 170 addresses-year-1: 297 addresses-year-2: 342 subnets-immediate: 6 subnets-year-1: 8 subnets-year-2: 9 Totals: 448 170 297 342 inet-connect: YES, already connected to “UpstreamISP” country-net: NL private-considered: Yes request-refused: NO PI-requested: NO address-space-returned: 195.20.42.0/25, to UpstreamISP, “in 3 months”

43. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 43 Private Address Space RFC-1918 (Address Allocation for Private Internets) Suitable for –partial connectivity –limited access to outside services can use application layer gateways (fire walls, NAT) Motivation –saves public address space –allows for more flexibility –security

44. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 44 IPv6

45. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 45 Why IPv6? Next generation protocol –scalability -- 128 bits addresses –security –dynamic hosts numbering Interoperable with IPv4 simple and smooth transition –hardware vendors –applications Testbed for deployment of IPv6 –www.6bone.netwww.6bone.net

46. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 46 IPv6 Introduction Current format boundaries |-3|--13-|--13-|-6-|--13-|--16--|------64 bits-----| +--+-----+-----+---+-----+------+------------------+ |FP|-TLA-|-sub-|Res|-NLA-|--SLA-|---Interface ID---| |--|-ID--|-TLA-|---|--ID-|--ID--|------------------| |----public topology ----|-site-|-----Interface----| +--+-----+-----+---+-----+------+------------------+ /23 /29 /35 /48 /64 Classfull; another level of hierarchy Hexadecimal representation of addresses IANA allocations –APNIC 2001:0200::/23(12 subTLAs) –ARIN 2001:0400::/23( 4 subTLAs) –RIPE NCC 2001:0600::/23(19 subTLAs)

47. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 47 IPv6 Allocations Draft allocation guidelines –provisional & bootstrap criteria –currently under revision by community –ipv6-wg@ripe.net & lir-wg@ripe.net Initial allocation to LIRs –/35 subTLA 13 bits of NLA space + 16 bits of SLA space –whole /29 subTLA reserved http://www.ripe.net/ripencc/mem-services/registration/ipv6/ipv6.html

48. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 48 The RIPE Database Its usage and its usefulness

49. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 49 RIPE Database (1) Public Network Management Database Information about objects IP address space inetnum, inet6num reverse domainsdomain routing policies route, aut-num contact detailsperson, role, maintainer

50. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 50 RIPE Database (2) Software Management server and client –NOT relational –RIPE NCC –Database Working Group (RIPE community) Data Management –LIRs –other users –RIPE NCC Information content not responsibility of RIPE NCC Strong protection mechanisms not default

51. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 51 Querying RIPE Database RIPE whois server –whois -h whois.ripe.net (UNIX command line queries) –telnet whois.ripe.net RIPE whois client –ftp://ftp.ripe.net/ripe/dbase/software/ripe-dbase-2.2.1.tar.gz Glimpse full text search –http://www.ripe.net/cgi-bin/ripedbsearchhttp://www.ripe.net/cgi-bin/ripedbsearch Web interface –http://www.ripe.net/cgi-bin/whoishttp://www.ripe.net/cgi-bin/whois Database documentation –http://www.ripe.net/db/ http://www.ripe.net/docs/ripe-157.html http://www.ripe.net/docs/ripe-157.html & http://www.ripe.net/docs/ripe-189.html

52. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 52 Search keys (Look-up Keys) –personname, nic-hdl, e-mail –rolename, nic-hdl, e-mail –maintainermaintainer name –inetnumnetwork number, network name –domaindomain name –aut-numAS number –as-macroAS-macro name –routeroute value Network number and route value are classless Network name is a search key, but not unique

53. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 53 ‘person’ Object person:Mirjam Kuehne address: RIPE NCC address: Singel 258 address: NL - 1016 AB Amsterdam address: Netherlands phone:+31 20 535 4444 fax-no:+31 20 535 4445 e-mail:mir@ripe.net nic-hdl:MK16-RIPE notify:mir@ripe.net mnt-by:RIPE-NCC-MNT changed: mir@ripe.net 19950411 changed: mir@ripe.net 19970616 source:RIPE

54. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 54 ‘role’ Object % whois -h whois.ripe.net -t role role:[mandatory] [single] [primary/look-up key] address: [mandatory] [multiple] [ ] phone: [optional] [multiple] [ ] fax-no: [optional] [multiple] [ ] e-mail: [mandatory] [multiple] [look-up key] trouble: [optional] [multiple] [ ] admin-c: [mandatory] [multiple] [inverse key] tech-c: [mandatory] [multiple] [inverse key] nic-hdl: [mandatory] [single] [primary/look-up key] remarks: [optional] [multiple] [ ] notify: [optional] [multiple] [inverse key] mnt-by: [optional] [multiple] [inverse key] changed: [mandatory] [multiple] [ ] source: [mandatory] [single] [ ]

55. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 55 ‘role’ Object role:RIPE NCC Hostmaster address:RIPE Network Coordination Centre address: Singel 258 address: NL - 1016 AB Amsterdam, Netherlands phone:+31 20 535 4444 e-mail:hostmaster@ripe.net trouble:Work days 0900-1800 CET: phone XXX trouble:Outside Business Hours: phone YYY admin-c: JLC2-RIPE tech-c:MK16-RIPE notify:hostmaster@ripe.net mnt-by:RIPE-NCC-MNT nic-hdl:RNH124-RIPE changed:hostmaster@ripe.net 19971002 source:RIPE

56. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 56 Network Object inetnum:193.0.0.0 - 193.0.0.255 netname:RIPE-NCC descr:RIPE Network Co-ordination Centre descr:Amsterdam, Netherlands country:NL admin-c:JLC2-RIPE tech-c:MK16-RIPE status:ASSIGNED PA mnt-by:RIPE-NCC-MNT changed:GeertJan.deGroot@ripe.net 19970310 source:RIPE “/” notation possible for inetnum value

57. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 57 Queries Reach 7/sec Average 7/sec

58. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 58 Number of DB Objects 2,5 million.de domain objects taken out on 28th June 50,000.be domain objects taken out on 24th July

59. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 59 Example Query whois 193.0.0.0 inetnum:193.0.0.0 - 193.0.0.255 netname:RIPE-NCC admin-c:DK58 tech-c:OPS4-RIPE route:193.0.0.0/24 descr:RIPE-NCC role:RIPE NCC Operations address:Singel 258 nic-hdl: OPS4-RIPE person:Daniel Karrenberg address:RIPE Network Coordination Centre (NCC) nic-hdl: DK58

60. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 60 Using RIPE DB Flags –whois -r 193.0.0.0 => inetnum, route –whois -T inetnum 193.0.0.0=> inetnum,person,role –whois -r -T inetnum 193.0.0.0 => inetnum –whois OPS4-RIPE=> role, persons –whois -r OPS4-RIPE=> role whois -v as-macro whois -a

61. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 61 Inverse Lookups in RIPE DB whois -i admin-c,tech-c,zone-c JJ123-RIPE –whois -i admin-c,tech-c,zone-c -T domain JJ123-RIPE –whois -i zone-c JJ123-RIPE – whois -r -i admin-c,tech-c -T role BL112-RIPE whois -i notify hm-dbm-msgs@ripe.net whois -i origin AS42 whois -i mnt-by BLUELIGHT-MNT

62. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 62 Hierarchical DB Query 195.35.64.0- 195.35.65.191 195.35.88/26 195.35.64.0 - 195.35.95.255 195.35.80/25 Blue Light Goody2Shoes whois -M 195.35.64.0/19 whois -m 195.35.64.0/19 whois -L 195.35.92.10 eNGOs... 195.35.92/29 ENGO-7 195.35.92.8/29 ENGO-8

63. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 63 RIPE whois Flags iinverse lookup for specified attributes L find all Less specific matches m find first level more specific matches M find all More specific matches r turn off recursive lookups T type only look for objects of type (inetnum, route, etc.) a search all databases h hostname search alternate server s search databases with source “source” t show template for object of type “type” v verbose information for object of type “type” whois help (how to query the database)

64. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 64 DB Update Procedure Changing an object –add the changed line to the new version of object value: email address and date –keep the same primary key *do not forget authentication (password, PGP key) Deleting an object –add delete line to the exact copy of current object –value: email address, reason and date –submit to

65. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 65 DB Update Procedure Unique Keys (Primary Keys) –personname + nic-hdl –rolename + nic-hdl –maintainermaintainer name –inetnumnetwork number –domaindomain name –aut-numAS number –as-macroAS-macro name –communitycommunity name –routeroute value + origin Uniquely identifies object Updating an existing object will overwrite the old entry hence need unique key

66. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 66 Creating person Object Check if person object exists in RIPE DB –whois {person’s name; email address} –only one object per person Obtain and complete a template ­whois -t person –whois -v person Each person object has unique nic-hdl –Only way to clear ambiguity in person objects –Format: - e.g. CD567-RIPE

67. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 67 E-mail Interface –automatic mailbox –send all updates to this mailbox –can use HELP in subject line –send questions and comments to this mailbox –please include error reports

68. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 68 Syntax Checking Successful update Warnings –object corrected and accepted –notification of action taken in acknowledgement Errors –object NOT corrected and NOT accepted –diagnostics in acknowledgement

69. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 69 Example Error Message Update FAILED: [person] Mirjam Kuehne person: Mirjam Kuehne address: RIPE NCC address: Singel 258, NL-1016 AB, Amsterdam address: The Netherlands phone: +31 20 535 4444 fax-no: +31 20 535 4445 e-mail: mir@ripe.net changed: mir@ripe.net 19980828 source: RIPE WARNING: date in "changed" (980828) changed to 19980828 *ERROR*: mandatory field "nic-hdl" missing

70. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 70 Deleting an Object Add delete attribute to copy of current object person:Mirjam Kuehne address:RIPE NCC address: Singel 258 address: NL - 1016 AB Amsterdam address: Netherlands phone:+31 20 535 4444 fax-no:+31 20 535 4445 e-mail:mir@ripe.net nic-hdl:MK16-RIPE changed:mir@ripe.net 19980911 source:RIPE delete:training@ripe.net late for training Submit to

71. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 71 Nic-hdl’s (Example) person:John F. Doe ……… nic-hdl: AUTO-1JFD person:Anne Smith ……… nic-hdl: AUTO-2 inetnum: ……… ……… admin-c: AUTO-1JFD tech-c:AUTO-2 JFD304-RIPE AS519-RIPE

72. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 72 Test Database Non-production DB Similar interface as “real” Database –whois & email whois -h test-whois.ripe.net ; test-dbm@ripe.net –syntax checking –error reports Enable to submit your own maintainer Ideal for testing –various authorisation schemes –self-made scripts that update RIPE DB Source: TEST

73. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 73 DNS Activities

74. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 74 DNS Management Goals –ensure proper operation of name servers –minimise “pollution” of DNS Services –manage reverse delegations of networks in 193/8, 194/8, 195/8, 212/8, 213/8, 217/8 and 62/8 in-addr.arpa domain –support LIR’s with feedback –secondary name servers for ccTLDs RIPE NCC DOES NOT register domain names

75. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 75 RIPE NCC Hostcount per Quarter

76. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 76 Why Do You Need Reverse Delegation ? All host-IP mappings in the DNS (A record) should have a corresponding IP-host mapping (PTR record) Failure to have this will likely –block users from various services (ftp, mail) –make troubleshooting more difficult –produce more useless network traffic in general

77. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 77 IN-ADDR.ARPA Domain. (ROOT) edu arpa com net nl in-addr 193 195 194 35 65 1 = 1.65.35.195.in-addr.arpa bluelight www 195.35.65.1 Forward mapping Reverse mapping (A 195.35.65.1) (PTR www.bluelight.nl) 213212 62 217

78. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 78 Request Reverse Delegation Send domain object to –an automatic mailbox Robot (named Marvin) will –check the Reg-ID only LIRs can request reverse delegation –check if zone is correctly setup –check assignment validity –(try to) enter object to RIPE DB Questions, Comments to

79. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 79 < /24 Delegations Reverse delegation is also possible for a /24 shared by more customers => NOT reason for classfull assignments RIPE NCC reverse delegate authority for the entire /24 to LIR If customer wants to run own primary nameserver –LIR delegates parts as address space gets assigned –use CNAME to create an extra point of delegation (RFC-2317)

80. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 80 $ORIGIN 80.35.195.in-addr.arpa. 0-31 IN NS ns.goody2shoes.nl. 0-31 IN NS ns2.bluelight.nl. 32-71 IN NS ns.cyberfalafel.nl. 32-71 IN NS ns2.bluelight.nl. 0 IN CNAME 0.0-31 1 IN CNAME 1.0-31... 31 IN CNAME 31.0-31 32 IN CNAME 32.32-71 33 IN CNAME 33.32-71... 71 IN CNAME 71.32-71 72 IN PTR www.qwerty.nl. CNAME Example Zonefile at Provider Primary Nameserver

81. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 81 Reverse DNS Quality Report 80% of delegating zones good Quality improving ~500 new zones /week 52.3% of eligible /24 zones are delegated http://www.ripe.net/inaddr/statistics

82. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 82 Questions?

83. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 83 Organizations AFRINICAfrican Network Information Centre http://www.afrinic.org APNICAsian Pacific Network Information Centre http://www.apnic.net ARINAmerican Registry for Internet Numbers http://www.arin.net CEENetCentral and Eastern European Networking Association http://www.ceenet.org CENTRCouncil of European National Top level domain Registries http://www.centr.org CIXCommercial Internet Exchange http://www.cix.org ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute http://www.etsi.org EuroISPAEuropean Internet Service Providers Association http://www.euroispa.org IANAInternet Assigned Numbers Authority http://www.iana.org

84. Vesna Manojlovic. CEENet Workshop, August 2000. http://www.ripe.net 84 Organizations ICANNInternet Corporation for Assigned Numbers and Names http://www.icann.net IETFInternet Engineering Task Force http://www.ietf.org ITUInternational Telecommunications Union http://www.itu.int NANOG North American Network Operators Group http://www.nanog.org RIPEReseaux IP European Network http://www.ripe.net RIPE NCCRIPE Network Coordination Centre http://www.ripe.net W3CWorld Wide Web Consortium http://www.w3.org