1. By: Estefany Ramos Period 1
Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, B.C.E
By: Estefany Ramos
Period 1

2. Geography on early Civilizations
The earliest societies developed in the floodplains of great rivers in Asia and Africa: Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq, Indus in Pakistan, Yellow River in China, and the Nile in Egypt.
The periodic flooding on the rivers brought benefits( deposits of fertile silt and water for agriculture) but threatened lives and property.
The climate made an impact of the crops.

3. Time-line: Mesopotamia
B.C.E
Early Dynastic ( Sumerian)
B.C.E Third Dynasty of Ur ( Sumerian)
B.C.E Kassite
B.C.C Old Babylonian ( Semitic)
B.C.E
Akkadian ( Semitic)

4. Time-Line: Egypt 2575- 2134 B.C.E Old Kingdom
B.C.E Middle Kingdom
B.C.E New Kingdom
B.C.E Early Dynastic
B.C.E First Intermediate Period
B.C.E Second Intermediate Period

5. Time-line: Indus Valley
2600 B.C.E Beginning of Indus Valley Civilization
1900 B.C.E End of Indus Valley Civilization

6. Why they were called civilizations
Cities served as administrative centers
Had a political system on control of a defined territory rather than kinship connections
Monumental building
Major advances in science and technology
Long distance trade
System for keeping permanent records

7. Independent Invention vs. Diffusion
Animals like cows, sheep, horses, chickens, goat, etc. provided transport and wool for clothes
Artistic skills came to the civilizations and were passed between societies.
The term “Stone Age” is misleading because the tools weren't all made out of stone but bone, skin, and wood .
Didn't last long the tools made out of those materials.
Laws came out like in Mesopotamia “Hammurabi's Code of Law”

8. Indus Valley vs Egypt vs Mesopotamia
Indus Valley religion was Hinduism meaning they were Polytheistic, while Egypt and Mesopotamia were Monotheistic
Ruling was determined by how much land the person had and didn't have a social hierarchy but eventually monarchy became important classification appeared.

9. Activity Take out a piece of paper and match the following terms:
1. Paleolithic __
2. Foragers __
3. Neolithic __
a. hunting and food-gathering people
b. the New Stone Age, which was associated with the origins of agriculture, followed Old Stone Age.
c. the Old Stone Age, lasted until 10,000 years ago about 3,00 years after the last Ice Age

10. Chapter 2: New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres 2200-250 B.C.E
By: Lyanne Danh

11. New Civilizations China ( 2000 - 221 B.C.E )
Nubia ( 3100 B.C.E C.E )
Olmecs & Chavin ( B.C.E )

12. China Eastern edge of Eurasian landmass
Neolithic cultures developed in 8000 B.C.E
2nd millennium Shang & Zhou monarchs emerged and spread to the south and west
Such as Mesopotamia , Egypt, & Indus Valley

13. Shang and Zhou dynasties
Had pottery and forms of burials
Grew millet , raised pigs & chickens and used stone tools
Orginated by the yellow river
Made silk with silk worms
Extended to the Yangzi river and into mongolia
Barbarians were nomadic people

14. Prisoners turned into slaves
Bronze was a sign of nobility
Shang artisians made weapons

15. Were isolated from the eastern hemisphere
Rise of cities and specialized in labor, beuratic government and writing
Were isolated from the eastern hemisphere
Highly decentralized , made Great Wall, collected taxes & wrote the code of laws
Loess was a yellow - brownish dust that fell into the Yellow River giving it its name
Surrounded by mountains
Made transport , migration and communications difficult and slow

16. Religions
Legalism - wealth and power of the state & demands for obedience were justified by authorian political philosophy
Confucianism - Confucius emphasized benevolence, avoidance of violence, justice, rationalism, loyalty & dignity
Daoism - Laozi emphasized to Follow your path

17. Nubia
Applied to the Nile & Egyptians called it Ta-sety ( Land of the bow )
Served as a corridor for trade
Natural resources were gold, copper, and semiprecious stones
Got the name Kush
Kushite craftsmen were skillfull metalworkers
Egyptians destroyed Kush by expansion