1. EGYPT UNDER THE PHAROAHS
APAH - GARDINER CHAPTER 3-1 PP

2. “Concerning Egypt itself I shall extend my remarks to a great length, because there is no country that possesses so many wonders, nor any that has such a number of works that defy description.” Herodotus

3. EGPYT - BACKROUND Backbone of Egypt was the Nile
Annual floods of the Nile River
PHAROAHS
Fertility of the lands bordering the Nile
Until 18th century Egypt was mysterious land of undeciphered writing and exotic monuments

4. ROSETTA STONE

5. THE GODS AND GODDESSES OF EGYPTRA
OSIRIS
SETH
ISIS
HORUS
ANUBIS

6. THE PREDYNASTIC AND EARLY DYNASTIC PERIODS
Predynastic = prehistoric began about 3500 BCE
Upper Egypt – the south
Lower Egypt – the north/Nile Delta
Hierakonpolis = predynastic cemetery site BCE
Mural paintings in tomb
Random arrangement of motifs -> neolithic

7. PALETTE OF KING NARMER
Predynastic Egypt ends with unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
PALETTE = stone slab with circular depression
One of earliest labelled historical reliefs
BCE
Records the unification of the two kingdoms
Narmer – king as supreme, alone and larger than life, divine ruler
Two heads of a cow with woman’s face, between is hieroglyph giving Narmer’s name, elongated necks of two felines, indentation for makeup, registers, Narmer in upper register beheading enemies, bttm register bull knocking down rebellious city…back: the king slaying enemy, falcon with human arms is horus, he is holding man headed hieroglyph representing lower egypt

8. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
A mastaba -(meaning "house for eternity" or "eternal house"), is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward sloping sides that marked the burial site of many eminent Egyptians of Egypt's ancient period. Mastabas were constructed out of mud-bricks (from the Nile River) or stone.
FUNERARY ART – dedicated to insuring safety and happiness in the next life

9. MUMMIFICATION AND IMMORTALITY

10. MUMMIFICATION AND IMMORTALITY

11. IMHOTEP AND DJOSER
IMHOTEP – the builder for King Djoser (r – 2611 BCE)
First recorded name of an artist
Designed the Stepped of Djoser at Saqqara
NECROPOLIS
Function -> protect mummified king and possessions/symbolize king’s absolute and god like power

12. DJOSER FUNERARY PRECINCT
Immense enclosure with protective walls
Mortuary temple
Courtyards
Dummy structures
Stone columns
Columns – papyrus stalks
Capitals – papyrus blossoms
ENGAGED COLUMNS