1. Session 1 – Introduction to Astronomy Astronomy - The branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. Cosmology – The study of the origin and large scale function of the universe In this session we will look at an overview of these topics in reference to Biblical Creation vs. Naturalism

2. Genesis 1:1 “In the Beginning God Created the heaven and the earth” The Bible says the universe (Time, Space, and Matter) had a beginning Psalm 147:4: “He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their names.” The Bible also says the universe is finite in size

3. For a long time cosmologists believed the universe was eternal and infinite in size! They were wrong. Keep in mind, the majority (vast) of scientists for thousands of years held to that view, and even though the majority thought it, it was still able to be wrong Many today are trying to revisit this question to remove the implications of a beginning

4. Why is having a beginning a problem? Principle of causality - Everything that has a beginning must have a cause How do we know that the universe has not always existed? Norman Geisler put it well when he said the following: “When we consider the consequences of a universe that obeys the second law (of thermodynamics)…

5. there is only one logical conclusion: The universe will eventually run out of usable energy. Since there is no place for the universe to obtain more fuel; we live in a finite universe” The temperature of space is decreasing, showing that the overall energy and heat of the universe is going down! Which means it had a starting point

6. Psalm 19:1-4 “The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament shows His handiwork. 2 Day unto day utters speech, and night unto night reveals knowledge. 3 There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard. 4 Their line has gone out through all the earth and their words to the end of the world.” Why did God create everything? So we can see his power through it

7. When we look out into the universe there is quite a bit out there For thousands of years people have been trying to understand the universe scientifically and philosophically We will take a minute now and look at the structure of the universe God has created

8. Planets Satellites

10. Solar System

19. A Galaxy cluster

20. Another thing you notice when examining the universe is what we call the Anthropic principle in cosmology and astronomy Paul Davies said: “A clear inspection shows that the Earth is endowed with still more amazing “conveniences.” Without the layer of ozone above the atmosphere, deadly ultraviolet radiation from the sun would destroy us, and in the absence of a magnetic field, cosmic subatomic particles would deluge the Earth’s surface.

21. Considering that the Universe is full of violence and cataclysms, our own little corner of the cosmos enjoys a benign tranquility. To those who believe that God made the world for mankind, it must seem that all these conditions are in no way a random or haphazard arrangement of circumstances, but reflect a carefully prepared environment in which humans can live comfortably, a pre- ordained ecosystem into which life slots naturally and inevitably—a tailor-made world” (1980, p. 143).”

22. Anthropic Constant: Gravity If the universal law of gravity were slightly different than it is, life would not be possible! Anthropic Constant: Centrifugal Force Anthropic Constant: Rate Of Expansion of the universe

23. Anthropic Constant: Speed Of Light Anthropic Constant: The Earth’s Rotation. If the speed of light were different, life would not be possible in our universe. The amount of daylight versus night time is perfect for the existence of life

24. Anthropic Constant: Axis Tilt. Anthropic Constant: Jupiter. Jupiter acts like a big gravitational shield protecting the earth and the inner solar system from material that could destroy us The axial tilt controls seasons, and is perfect for life as it is

25. Genesis 1:14-19 (Day 4 of creation) “And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also…

26. …And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. And the evening and the morning were the fourth day.” This is not the view point of the secular world though, and they have instead created theories over time to explain things

27. Many Cosmologies have existed

29. Many people do not understand what the big bang theory actually says about the origin of the universe When dealing with opposing theories, we need to accurately represent what they say if we are going to have an effective witness one people The most common misconception with the big bang is how it happened

30. Many people think of the big bang as being an explosion in space that produces everything! That’s wrong.

31. This is more accurate

32. Many Christians have embraced the Big Bang model because they think it proves that the universe had a beginning point (and therefore a cause) Understand, while the big bang does fit within the data that says the universe had a beginning, it is not something that is because of the big bang The decreasing energy and temperature of space shows it had a beginning

33. What the order of events in the secular big bang model? 13.75 billions years ago, the big bang happens and the universe comes into existence

34. 4.6 billion years ago the sun was birthed from dust clouds in space After the sun (a star) forms, the debris left over can create other things like planets

35. 4.55 billion years ago, our planet (earth) formed from material left over

36. What are the Biblical problems?

37. We will not delve into the problems with the big bang theory until next session While we do think this is an important issues, and while we do think accepting the big bang theory is compromising the creation account, this is not an issues to divide over! Godly Christian men and women believe in the big bang theory

38. Not everyone in the secular world accepts the big bang theory though Many still have scientific and philosophical problems with the implications of the big bang (a starting point to time) Physicist today are working on models that can allow for the universe to exist forever, eliminating the necessity for cause

39. But does an infinite universe even make sense philosophically or scientifically? David Hilbert, perhaps the greatest mathematician of the twentieth century, states, “The infinite is nowhere to be found in reality. It neither exists in nature nor provides a legitimate basis for rational thought. The role that remains for the infinite to play is solely that of an idea.”

40. If the universe never had a beginning, that means that the number of past events in the history of the universe is infinite. But mathematicians recognize that the existence of an actually infinite number of things leads to self-contradictions.

41. Here is an example: Earth rotates around the sun every 365 days, while Neptune rotates around the sun every 60,000 days Neptune takes 164 earth years to orbit the sun

42. If you assume they have been orbiting the sun for an infinite time, which one has orbited the sun the most? Mathematically they would have rotated the sun the same amount (infinity) Things like this make infinity a mathematical and logical problem

43. Memory Verse Colossians 1:17: “And he is before all things, and in him all things hold together”