1. Violence David’s Story – Born to Fail

2. The Plan Violence Reduction – The Context Public Health – A useful Lens Early Years – Could it be Magic ? David’s Story – Knew that would happen!! ChangeChange – Can we make it Irresistible?

3. “ The challenges we face converge, intertwine and often remain largely beyond our understanding. Most of us suspect that the “experts” don’t really know what’s going on and that as a species we’ve released forces that are neither managed nor manageable.” Thomas Homer-Dixon (Paper by Prof Phil Hanlon University of Glasgow 2009

4. “One manifestation of this is the rise of new epidemics such as obesity, addiction-related harm, declining well- being, rising rates of depression and anxiety and widening inequalities. The tools of modernity have proven unsuccessful in tackling such “diseases.” Learning our way into the future public health: a proposition Journal of Public Health Vol 33 September 2011 Phil Hanlon, Sandra Carlisle, Margaret Hannah, Andrew Lyon, David Reilly

5. “We have been fixated on the causes of disease rather the mechanisms that can create health.” Sir Harry Burns Chief Medical Officer 2011

6. Sense of Coherence Your world is structured, predictable and explicable You have the internal resources to meet the demands The demands are seen as challenges worthy of investment and engagement Sir Harry Burns Chief Medical Officer 2011

7. Violence

8. The WHAT “Interpersonal violence – violence between individuals in families and communities – is a public health problem.” Etienne Krug Director Department of Injuries and Violence Prevention World health Organisation 2004

9. The HOW Surveillance Systematic data collection Identify risk / protective factors Research why it occurs Develop and evaluate interventions Find out what works. Implement Scale up and evaluate effective programmes

10. Understand the Causes of Violence Two components to Violence: The propensity to be violent - personal factors The triggers of violence - social factors The Wave Report 2005 “Violence and what to do about it”

11. What do Employers Want ? Percentage of Employers reporting an employee skill gap Future Skills Bar Chart. See Future Skills Scotland Website, Employer Survey 2004, p27, fig 15. 0%10%20%30%40%50%60% Literacy Using numbers Advanced IT or software Strategic management Basic computer literacy / using IT Written communication Other technical and practical skills Oral communication Team working Problem solving Customer handling Planning and organising

12. Death Conception Adoption of Health-risk Behaviors Social, Emotional, & Cognitive Impairment Early Death Adverse Childhood Experiences  Toxic Stress Disease, Disability and Social Problems ACEs are fundamental risk factors for disease and early death Consequences: long-term Consequences: long-term

13. Secondary Preschool Primary Higher Education Rates of Return to Human Capital

14. Economics “A major determinant of successful schools is successful families. Schools work with what parents bring them. They operate more effectively if parents reinforce them by encouraging and motivating children” Professor James Heckman Chicago University

15. Ecological Model = The Frame IndividualRelationshipCommunitySocietal  Parenting  Lack of knowledge  Friends that engage in violence  Prevalence of gang culture  Violent families – siblings/parents  Lack of significant adults/positive role model  Cultural norms  Legitimisation of violence  Access to and use of alcohol  Lack of aspiration  Dependancy  Tolerance  Lack of punishment for pre cursor offences – knife carrying  Lack of visible swift justice  Links to deprivation  Scottishness  Inequality  Lack of communication skills  Poor behavioural control  Impulsiveness  Aggressive behaviour  Lack of skills to deal with conflict  Inability to judge risk  Lack of “life” skills  Exclusion from Services/Schools  Nutrition Diet Health  Alcohol  Lack of employment opportunities

16. birth Early Years Framework GIRFEC Curriculum for Excellence YJ Framework Promoting Positive Outcomes (ASB) Achieving our Potential (Poverty) Equally Well (Health Inequalities) Road to Recovery (Drugs) Alcohol framework 18 1610 Purpose Scottish Government Economic Strategy National Outcomes SOAs NATIONAL POLICIES NATIONAL PERFORMANCE LIFE JOURNEY Valuing our Young People More Choices More Chances

17. Challenges Wicked problems – Leaders not technicians Professional Gangs = Territorialism Outcomes not processes Assets not deficits

18. Coalition of the Willing Deciding WHAT we do is EASY Deciding HOW we do it is HARD Knowing WHY we do it is AGREEMENT

19. Relationships AMAZING PEOPLE DO AMAZING THINGS

20. Aspire to build a cathedral and not a garden shed.