1. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. written by Bridget Melton, Georgia Southern University Lecture Outline Chapter 2 Psychosocial Health: Being Mentally, Emotionally, Socially, and Spiritually Well

2. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Objectives Define each of the four components of psychosocial health, and identify the basic traits shared by psychosocially healthy people. Learn how internal and external factors affect your psychosocial health; discuss the positive steps you can take to enhance psychosocial health. Discuss the dimension of spirituality and the role it plays in your health and wellness. Identify common psychosocial problems, such as anxiety disorders and depression, and explain their causes and treatments.

3. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Objectives (cont.) Discuss warning signs of suicide and actions that can be taken to help a suicidal individual. Explain the different types of treatments and mental health professionals, and examine how they can play a role in preventing specific psychosocial health problems.

4. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Activity Break Stigma box Take out a sheet of paper. Please write down the first thing that comes to mind when I say, “mental health.” Please fold and place that paper in my box. We will come back to this in a little bit.

5. Defining Psychosocial Health The mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Characteristics of Psychosocial Health Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

8. Mental Health: The “Thinking” You The “thinking,” or “rational,” part of psychosocial health Includes values, attitudes, and beliefs about your body, family, and relationships and life in general Examples: How many of you would go out with friends who were over studying? How many of you would go out with friends who were over studying the night before your midterm?

9. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Emotional Health: The “Feeling” You The “feeling” side of psychosocial health Emotions are intensified or complex patterns of feelings. Example: Have you ever tried to study after having a fight with a friend or family member?

10. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Social Health: Interactions with Others Social health includes interactions with others. Social bonds reflect the level of closeness and attachment with others. Social support is the network of people and services (both tangible and intangible) with whom we interact and share social connections with. Example: If your car broke down, who would you call? Or if you failed an exam, who would you call?

11. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Spiritual Health: Inner Quest for Well-Being Spirituality refers to a belief in some unifying force that gives meaning to life.

12. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Four Main Themes of Spirituality 1.Interconnectedness is a sense of harmony with oneself, others and a larger purpose. 2.Mindfulness is a meditative mindset that focuses on one’s ability to be fully present in the moment. 3.Spirituality is a part of daily life, which includes faith, hope, and love. 4.Living in harmony with our communities and the broader environment is a part of our values.

13. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Factors that Influence Psychosocial Health External factors Family The broader environment Social bonds Internal factors Self-efficacy and self-esteem Learned helplessness versus learned optimism Personality Life span and maturity

14. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Spiritual Health on Campus Spirituality may play a role in students’ health, their grades, their involvement in student activities, and other aspects of student life. UCLA study indicates an increase in spiritual interest among college students Attaining inner harmony (up 8.6 percent) Developing a meaningful philosophy of life (up 14.2 percent) Finding more interest in obtaining inner harmony (up 13.9 percent) Seeking beauty in life (up 12.5 percent)

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16. Activity Break: Enhancing Your Psychosocial Health 1.Turn to a partner and tell each other three things you do to enhance your psychosocial health.  You have 3 minutes. 2.Regroup Find a support group. Complete required tasks. Form realistic expectations. Make time for you. Maintain physical health. Seek help when necessary.

17. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Strategies to Enhance Psychosocial Health Find a support group. Complete required tasks. Form realistic expectations. Make time for you. Maintain physical health. Examine problems and seek help when necessary.

18. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Sleep: The Great Restorer Purpose of sleep Conservation of energy Restoration Sleep disorders Insomnia Sleep Apnea

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20. Gender Differences in Sleep Disorders Women: Menstruation Pregnancy Menopause Men: Sleep apnea Prostatism Biological reasons for sleep disorders Mental and physical reasons for sleep disorders Both genders: Stress Depression Anxiety

21. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Mind–Body Connection Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) Happiness Subjective well-being 1.Satisfaction with present life 2.Relative presence of positive emotions 3.Relative absence of negative emotions

22. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ABC News Video: The Study of Happy Brains | The Study of Happy Brains Discussion Questions 1.Do you agree that life experiences only account for 10 percent of one’s total happiness? Why or why not? 2.What do you do to make yourself happy? 3.In what ways can you work to increase your happiness level every day?

23. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Activity Break Stigma box Volunteers needed. Read the responses to the earlier mental health question.

24. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. When Psychosocial Health Deteriorates Mental illnesses are disorders that disrupt thinking, feeling, moods, and behaviors and impair daily functioning.

25. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Depression Risks include genetic history, environment, situational triggers, poor behavioral skills, and brain–body chemistry. According to the 2006 National College Health Assessment Survey, 45 percent of female students and 36 percent of male students on campuses throughout the country reported that they had felt too depressed to function several times during the past year.

26. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Depression Major depressive disorder is severe depression that entails chronic mood disorder, physical effects such as sleep disturbance and exhaustion, and mental effects such as the inability to concentrate. Dysthymic disorder is a less severe type of depression that is milder, chronic, harder to recognize, and often characterized by fatigue, pessimism, or a short temper. Bipolar disorder is a form of depression characterized by alternating mania and depression. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs in the winter months, when sunlight levels are low. Chronic mood disorder is experience of persistent sadness, despair, and hopelessness.

27. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Treating Depression Psychotherapeutic treatment Cognitive therapy Interpersonal therapy Pharmacological treatment Antidepressant drugs Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) An electric current is applied to the patient’s temples for 5 seconds at a time for 15 or 20 minutes.

28. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Anxiety Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Panic disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Phobic disorders Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

29. Comparison of Two Brains Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

30. Personality Disorders Paranoid personality disorder involves pervasive, unfounded suspicion and mistrust of other people. Narcissistic personality disorder is an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self- absorption. Schizophrenia is a mental illness with biological origins that is characterized by irrational behavior, severe alterations of the senses (hallucinations), and often inability to function in society.

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33. Gender Issues in Psychosocial Health Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) involves depression, irritability, and other symptoms of increased stress that typically occur just before menstruation and last 1 to 2 days. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe case of PMS that includes at least five symptoms of PMS for 7 to 10 days, with at least one symptom being serious enough to interfere with home or work functions.

34. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Suicide: Giving Up On Life Each year, there are about 32,000 reported suicides in the United States. It often results from poor coping skills, lack of social support, or lack of self-esteem. College students are more likely to attempt suicide. It is the second-leading cause of death on campus. Risk factors include family history of suicide, previous suicide attempts, excessive drug or alcohol use, prolonged depression, and financial difficulties.

35. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Warning Signs of Suicide Inability to let go of grief after recent loss of loved one Change in personality Change in behavior Diminished sexual interest Expressions of self-hatred Change in sleep patterns and/or eating habits Direct or indirect statement about attempting suicide Final preparations, such as writing a will Preoccupation with themes of death Drastic mood swings Marked changes in personal appearance

36. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Mental Health Professionals Psychiatrist—MD Psychologist—PhD Psychoanalyst—MD Clinical/psychiatric social worker—MS Counselor—MS Psychiatric nurse specialist—RN

37. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Activity Break Get into groups of four to five. Write a plan of action as if you suspect your roommate of contemplating suicide. Please list steps you might take to intervene and get him or her help.

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39. Getting Evaluated for Treatment Physical checkup rules out thyroid disorders, viral infections, and anemia. Psychiatric history traces the background of the disorder. Mental status examination is an interview to assess thoughts, speaking processes, and memory.

40. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What to Expect in Therapy Before meeting, briefly explain your needs. Ask about fees. The first visit is an oral and mental sizing up between you and the therapist. The therapist will want to take down your history and details about the problems that have brought you to therapy. Be open and honest. Do not expect the therapist to tell you what to do or how to behave. The responsibility for improved behavior lies with you.