1. Rebuilding the Gulf Coast in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: Corrosion Control and Mitigation Janice K. Lomness Corrosion Technology Laboratory NASA Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899

2. Introduction Corrosion is a widespread and costly problem. Corrosion costs the United States over $300 billion each year. Rebuilding or repairing hurricane damage. Corrosion control and mitigation into the design, materials selection, or repair stage of development. Avoid catastrophic failures and expensive repairs.

3. Corrosion Control and Mitigation Design Engineers, Material Science Engineers, and Corrosion Experts. Identify forms of corrosion that will affect system being developed.  Uniform Corrosion, Pitting Corrosion, Crevice Corrosion, Filiform Corrosion, Erosion Corrosion, Galvanic Corrosion, Selective Leaching/Dealloying, Intergranular and Exfoliation Corrosion, Stress Corrosion Cracking, Corrosion Fatigue, Fretting Corrosion

4. Corrosion Control and Mitigation Design consideration  Material properties that influence the degradation of the material and the probability for a particular form of corrosion of the material to lead to catastrophic failure.  Determine the extent by which a specific form of corrosion affects a material. Susceptibility of the material to corrosion  Susceptible alloys  Resistant alloys AMPTIAC Quarterly Volume 9, Number 3, 2005 AMPTIAC Material Failure Modes Desk Reference

5. Kennedy Space Centers Experience with Corrosion The launch environment at KSC is extremely corrosive:  Ocean salt spray  Heat  Humidity  Sunlight

6. In 1981 the Space Shuttle introduced acidic deposition conditions SRB Exhaust

7. Vehicle Assembly Building 525 ft tall 716 ft long 518 ft wide Covers 8 acres Encloses 129,428,000 ft 3 Rose Bowl or Yankee Stadium could fit on roof.

8. VAB Corrosion Mitigation Corrosion due to the presence of salt resulting from the exposure to sea water or the use of contaminated aggregate in the original concrete mix.  Destroy the structural integrity of steel reinforced concrete structures.  Cathodic protection can eliminate costly cycle of concrete repairs and repeated assessments due to corrosion.

9. VAB Roof Repair

10. Cathodic Protection PROTECTED STEEL Mains Power Source DATA OUTPUT METERS COMPUTER CONTROL DC Power Supply Monitoring Unit Signal ANODE CABLING CATHODE CABLING SIGNAL CABLING CONNECTIONS ANODE SYSTEM CONCRETE (Electrolyte) REFERENCE ELECTRODE CONNECTIONS

11. VAB Corrosion Mitigation

12. Conductive Mastic

13. Conclusions Incorporation of corrosion control and mitigation into the design and material selection phase of planning and development. Taking advantage of new and improved technologies could dramatically reduce expensive corrosion related repairs and possible catastrophic failures.