2. The present publication was developed under grant 84.373X100001 from the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs. The views expressed herein are solely those of the author(s), and no official endorsement by the U.S. Department should be inferred. Principles of Effective Instruction in English Language Arts

3. Common Core State Standards – Reflect the best of existing state standards But fewer, clearer, higher than most existing standards – Grounded in College and Careers Readiness Standards – International benchmarking and global competitiveness – Rigorous content and applications – Evidence and research

4. The Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts are specific statements of content and skill expectations in the areas of reading, writing, listening and speaking, and language.

5. 5 The Common Core emphasizes: Learning that builds over time. Application of knowledge and skills. Active participation and interaction in learning activities. Collaboration and communication. Ongoing comprehensive instruction in reading, writing, speaking, listening, and language.

6. Learning that builds over time

7. Reading and Foundational Skills: Phonics and Word Recognition Grade Level Standard: Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words. Ka. Demonstrate basic knowledge of letter-sound correspondences. c. Read common high-frequency words by sight (e.g., the, of, to, you, she, my, is, are, do, does). 1b. Decode regularly spelled one-syllable words. 2c. Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels. d. Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes. f. Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words. 3b. Decode words with common Latin suffixes. c. Decode multi-syllable words. d. Read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words. 4a. Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affixes) to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context and out of context.

8. Two Instructional Principles that apply to learning that builds over time 1.Repetition with variety 2.Cognitive engagement

9. Making Words: An example of Repetition with Variety and Cognitive Engagement

11. An Instructional Principle that applies to the application of knowledge and skills 3.Cognitive clarity

12. Cognitive clarity about the function and value of reading.

14. An Instructional Principle that applies to active participation and interaction during learning activities 4.Personal connection with the curriculum 5.Participation of a knowledgeable other

15. Scott and Blake write a book

17. An Instructional Principle that applies to collaboration and communication 6.Every student must have a means of expressive communication.

18. AAC comes in all forms, shapes and sizes!

19. A Sample “Core” Vocabulary

20. An Instructional Principle that applies to ongoing comprehensive instruction in reading, writing, speaking, listening, and language 7. Significant time allocation for instruction

21. Principles of Effective ELA Instruction 1.Repetition with variety 2.Cognitive engagement 3.Cognitive clarity 4.Personal connection with the curriculum 5.Participation of a knowledgeable other 6.A means of expressive communication 7.Significant time allocation for comprehensive instruction

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