2. SimPhonics, Inc. Networked Audio Using V+ and VComm

3. SimPhonics, Inc. Overview What is VComm? Networked audio component of V+ Uses DIS, HLA, and VoIP protocols Connects simulators via network Simulate radios over network Provide Intercoms, Radio simulation, etc. Interoperate with ASTi and others What is VComm? Networked audio component of V+ Uses DIS, HLA, and VoIP protocols Connects simulators via network Simulate radios over network Provide Intercoms, Radio simulation, etc. Interoperate with ASTi and others

4. SimPhonics, Inc. Overview Can be used with any Windows XP Need sound and network device (card) Works on laptops, desktops, etc. Unlimited number of radios and operation Not credit based Add-on to V+ Sold separately Can be used with any Windows XP Need sound and network device (card) Works on laptops, desktops, etc. Unlimited number of radios and operation Not credit based Add-on to V+ Sold separately

5. SimPhonics, Inc. Overview VComm is networked audio For local audio use SMx or other means VComm could be used for local communications Inefficient since it uses network sockets VComm and SMx can be used together SMx uses virtual WI and WO, well suited for VComm VComm is networked audio For local audio use SMx or other means VComm could be used for local communications Inefficient since it uses network sockets VComm and SMx can be used together SMx uses virtual WI and WO, well suited for VComm

6. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer

7. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer DIS –Distributed Interactive Simulation HLA –High Level Architecture DIS –Distributed Interactive Simulation HLA –High Level Architecture

8. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer DIS in wide use –Military exercises Virtual flag –Several hundred participants –SimPhonics systems play prominent role –Interoperable with ASTi, Plexus and emDee DIS in wide use –Military exercises Virtual flag –Several hundred participants –SimPhonics systems play prominent role –Interoperable with ASTi, Plexus and emDee

9. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer DIS –IEEE 1278.1a standard Distributed network for simulation interoperability DIS in wide use HLA less prominent but newer DIS –IEEE 1278.1a standard Distributed network for simulation interoperability DIS in wide use HLA less prominent but newer

10. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer DIS versions –IEEE 1278.1-1995 First IEEE Standard –IEEE 1278.1a-1998 Second IEEE Standard –1278.1a-200x (Draft 13) Under development SimPhonics leading Radio Tiger Team Effort SISO PDG DIS versions –IEEE 1278.1-1995 First IEEE Standard –IEEE 1278.1a-1998 Second IEEE Standard –1278.1a-200x (Draft 13) Under development SimPhonics leading Radio Tiger Team Effort SISO PDG

11. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer DIS versions –IEEE 1278.1a-1998 Latest IEEE Standard Added Intercom PDUs (ICS) ICS PDUs are not being used –1278.1a-200x Improving plug and play capability for radios Encourage vendors to interoperate Fix bad sections in standard DIS versions –IEEE 1278.1a-1998 Latest IEEE Standard Added Intercom PDUs (ICS) ICS PDUs are not being used –1278.1a-200x Improving plug and play capability for radios Encourage vendors to interoperate Fix bad sections in standard

12. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer DIS protocol based on UDP/IP –All Communication is via PDUs A PDU is an Ethernet packet PDU Families Entity Information/Interaction Warfare Logistics Simulation Management Emission Regeneration Radio Communications Entity Management Minefield Synthetic Environment Simulation Management with Reliability Information Eperations Live Entity DIS protocol based on UDP/IP –All Communication is via PDUs A PDU is an Ethernet packet PDU Families Entity Information/Interaction Warfare Logistics Simulation Management Emission Regeneration Radio Communications Entity Management Minefield Synthetic Environment Simulation Management with Reliability Information Eperations Live Entity

13. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer Relevant PDUs to VComm –Entity State Used only for entity attach (more later…) This means that all entity PDUs must be inspected if entity attach is being used –Radio Communication PDUs Transmitter Signal Receiver Intercom signal (IEEE 1278.1a 1998 only) Intercom control (IEEE 1278.1a 1998 only) Relevant PDUs to VComm –Entity State Used only for entity attach (more later…) This means that all entity PDUs must be inspected if entity attach is being used –Radio Communication PDUs Transmitter Signal Receiver Intercom signal (IEEE 1278.1a 1998 only) Intercom control (IEEE 1278.1a 1998 only)

14. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer Radio Communication PDUs Transmitter –Convey information about a simulated transmitter, on/off, type, secure equipment, etc. Signal –Carries actual digitized audio data (voice) Receiver –Conveys information about simulated receivers. This is not a widely used PDU, although SimPhonics does implement this PDU (possibly the only vendor). Radio Communication PDUs Transmitter –Convey information about a simulated transmitter, on/off, type, secure equipment, etc. Signal –Carries actual digitized audio data (voice) Receiver –Conveys information about simulated receivers. This is not a widely used PDU, although SimPhonics does implement this PDU (possibly the only vendor).

15. SimPhonics, Inc. Transmitter and Signal PDUs

16. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer HLA Publish and subscribe mechanism –Much more efficient –Single process called RTi handles all interactions –At one time in the past, all DOD sites were mandated to be HLA compatible…(did not happen) Difficult to setup and use –Low interoperability in industry FOM –Federate Object Model –All applications must use same FOM –Most popular is RPR FOM 1.0 HLA Publish and subscribe mechanism –Much more efficient –Single process called RTi handles all interactions –At one time in the past, all DOD sites were mandated to be HLA compatible…(did not happen) Difficult to setup and use –Low interoperability in industry FOM –Federate Object Model –All applications must use same FOM –Most popular is RPR FOM 1.0

17. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Primer HLA Versions Original version known as HLA 1.3 –Developed by DMSO – public distribution –Has since been handed to industry and is no longer avail. Current IEEE 1516 standard –HLA 1.3 still Prominent HLA Versions Original version known as HLA 1.3 –Developed by DMSO – public distribution –Has since been handed to industry and is no longer avail. Current IEEE 1516 standard –HLA 1.3 still Prominent

18. SimPhonics, Inc. How to use VComm with V+

19. SimPhonics, Inc. VComm DIS Radios Define Requirements Interoperability requirements Voice Quality Networking Issues Configure VComm Create.VNE file Build V+ Application Reuse existing, or create new model Monitor System Debug, resolution of problems Define Requirements Interoperability requirements Voice Quality Networking Issues Configure VComm Create.VNE file Build V+ Application Reuse existing, or create new model Monitor System Debug, resolution of problems

20. SimPhonics, Inc. Interoperability Issues Interoperability requirements If interaction with other vendor radios, –Determine their needs Sample Rate Compression scheme Signal PDU length Model Fidelity – frequency match Otherwise, no worries Interoperability requirements If interaction with other vendor radios, –Determine their needs Sample Rate Compression scheme Signal PDU length Model Fidelity – frequency match Otherwise, no worries

21. SimPhonics, Inc. Voice Quality Sample Rate Best voice quality when: 16,000Hz sample rate No compression scheme, (PCM) Longer signal PDU lengths (1048) Only works when you have this freedom Not interoperating Network Bandwidth is available 8000Hz most common Meets basic DIS requirement Default VComm setting Sample Rate Best voice quality when: 16,000Hz sample rate No compression scheme, (PCM) Longer signal PDU lengths (1048) Only works when you have this freedom Not interoperating Network Bandwidth is available 8000Hz most common Meets basic DIS requirement Default VComm setting

22. SimPhonics, Inc. Voice Quality Compression Schemes 1 = mu-law, 2:1 2 = CVSD, 16:1 (MIL STD 188) 3 = ADPCM, 4:1 4 = 16-bit PCM (Big Endian), 1:1 5 = 8-bit Linear PCM, 1:1 6 = VQ, variable comp., (not supported in VComm) 7 = CVSD CCTT, 16:1 8 = 1.625-bit GSM0, variable comp., (currently in devel.) 9 = 0.7-bit GSM0, variable comp., (currently in devel.) 100 = 16-bit PCM (Little Endian), 1:1 Only mu-law required to be compliant with (current) DIS standard Compression Schemes 1 = mu-law, 2:1 2 = CVSD, 16:1 (MIL STD 188) 3 = ADPCM, 4:1 4 = 16-bit PCM (Big Endian), 1:1 5 = 8-bit Linear PCM, 1:1 6 = VQ, variable comp., (not supported in VComm) 7 = CVSD CCTT, 16:1 8 = 1.625-bit GSM0, variable comp., (currently in devel.) 9 = 0.7-bit GSM0, variable comp., (currently in devel.) 100 = 16-bit PCM (Little Endian), 1:1 Only mu-law required to be compliant with (current) DIS standard

23. SimPhonics, Inc. Voice Quality Signal PDU length –Any length will work with VComm, but No Specification Requirement VComm and ASTi use 480 –Best to use other vendor’s settings Signal PDU length –Any length will work with VComm, but No Specification Requirement VComm and ASTi use 480 –Best to use other vendor’s settings

24. SimPhonics, Inc. Network Issues VComm Network Topology Broadcast –Simple to configure, inefficient Unicast –Point to Point Multicast –Difficult to Configure, efficient, becoming standard method of DIS networking VComm Network Topology Broadcast –Simple to configure, inefficient Unicast –Point to Point Multicast –Difficult to Configure, efficient, becoming standard method of DIS networking

25. SimPhonics, Inc. Configuration Network Topology

26. SimPhonics, Inc. Configuration Default port is 3000

27. SimPhonics, Inc. Configuration Specification version should not matter, but, some exercise filters require certain versions…

28. SimPhonics, Inc. Configuration HLA Setup

29. SimPhonics, Inc. Configuration Terrain Server Setup

30. SimPhonics, Inc. Build V+ App Select existing design –Explore C:\Program Files\VPLus\VPLus Samples\VComm – “VComm Radio.des” – Should not have to change anything Select existing design –Explore C:\Program Files\VPLus\VPLus Samples\VComm – “VComm Radio.des” – Should not have to change anything

31. SimPhonics, Inc. Build V+ App Push-To-Talk Frequency

32. SimPhonics, Inc. Build V+ App Exercise ID Antenna Location

33. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS IDs If IDs are left at zero –VComm generates an ID based on IP address (e.g., 192.168.100.33 generates an ID of 100/33/1/x Otherwise, you must specify ID’s –Difficult configuration management If IDs are left at zero –VComm generates an ID based on IP address (e.g., 192.168.100.33 generates an ID of 100/33/1/x Otherwise, you must specify ID’s –Difficult configuration management

34. SimPhonics, Inc. Setting Compression Scheme Compression Scheme

35. SimPhonics, Inc. Antenna Location Three ways to set Antenna location Hard code the X,Y,Z inputs with constants Connect inputs to another computer (Host) Attach the radio to an existing network entity Three ways to set Antenna location Hard code the X,Y,Z inputs with constants Connect inputs to another computer (Host) Attach the radio to an existing network entity

36. SimPhonics, Inc. Antenna Location Entity Attach Allows VComm to attach to an existing entity on network Must know the entity ID Use Object 2017 Entity Attach Allows VComm to attach to an existing entity on network Must know the entity ID Use Object 2017

37. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Setup

38. SimPhonics, Inc. DIS/HLA Setup Each VComm radio is independent Simultaneous use of DIS/HLA “Send To Network” static data determines DIS/HLA network selection Can use both! “Send To Network” Settings: 0 - off (no packets will be sent) 1 - DIS 8 - HLA 9 - Both DIS and HLA Each VComm radio is independent Simultaneous use of DIS/HLA “Send To Network” static data determines DIS/HLA network selection Can use both! “Send To Network” Settings: 0 - off (no packets will be sent) 1 - DIS 8 - HLA 9 - Both DIS and HLA

39. SimPhonics, Inc. Network Monitoring – VComm Monitor

40. SimPhonics, Inc. Instrumentation – Perfmon.exe

41. SimPhonics, Inc. Instrumentation (Perfmon.exe) Performance monitors Incoming PDUs Outgoing PDUs Dropped TX packets Incoming Transmitter PDUs Incoming Signal PDUs Incoming Entity State PDUs Incoming ICS Control PDUs Incoming ICS Signal PDUs Number of Radios in Exercise Performance monitors Incoming PDUs Outgoing PDUs Dropped TX packets Incoming Transmitter PDUs Incoming Signal PDUs Incoming Entity State PDUs Incoming ICS Control PDUs Incoming ICS Signal PDUs Number of Radios in Exercise

42. SimPhonics, Inc. Inside VComm

43. SimPhonics, Inc. Signal Processing Models

44. SimPhonics, Inc. Path Loss Model Path loss is several models Free space propagation Loss WGS84 earth model LOS Refraction Terrain surface type Fresnel effects Multi-path signal fading Terrain database Path loss is several models Free space propagation Loss WGS84 earth model LOS Refraction Terrain surface type Fresnel effects Multi-path signal fading Terrain database

45. SimPhonics, Inc. Propagation Loss Model

46. SimPhonics, Inc. Smooth Earth Model Line-Of-Sight WGS84 Earth Model LOS Diffraction Effects Terrain Line-Of-Sight WGS84 Earth Model LOS Diffraction Effects Terrain

47. SimPhonics, Inc. Fresnel Effects Model Fresnel zone 1 Up to 60 dBm before LOS interference Fresnel zone 1 Up to 60 dBm before LOS interference

48. SimPhonics, Inc. Tuner Model Definition (Bandwidth)

49. SimPhonics, Inc. Tuner Model VComm Tuner Model Uses Gaussian functions Band pass response if Specific to radio VComm Tuner Model Uses Gaussian functions Band pass response if Specific to radio

50. SimPhonics, Inc. Noise Model Radio noise Thermal noise (KTB Noise) –Function of Bandwidth –-131 dBm at 25,000 Hz Atmospheric noise –Based on several types of noise –Includes Galactic and Man-made –Zero below 100,000 Hz (ICS frequencies) Radio noise Thermal noise (KTB Noise) –Function of Bandwidth –-131 dBm at 25,000 Hz Atmospheric noise –Based on several types of noise –Includes Galactic and Man-made –Zero below 100,000 Hz (ICS frequencies)

51. SimPhonics, Inc. Noise Model

52. SimPhonics, Inc. Audio Filtering Audio filtering for realism Real radios band pass the audio 300 to 3,000 Hz Sounds distinctly like a radio VComm Radio Audio Emulation Filter (object 2055) provides this capability Audio filtering for realism Real radios band pass the audio 300 to 3,000 Hz Sounds distinctly like a radio VComm Radio Audio Emulation Filter (object 2055) provides this capability

53. SimPhonics, Inc. 300Hz to 3000Hz Band-pass Filter Unfiltered DIS Radio (All Competitors) Filtered DIS Radio (Realistic Model) Click on Icons to Hear Difference

54. SimPhonics, Inc. Other special audible effects “Squelch tail” Heard at end of incoming transmission Function of AGC, S/N level, etc. Radio power on and power off sounds Radio specific Secure effects System specific effects Test Tones, etc. “Squelch tail” Heard at end of incoming transmission Function of AGC, S/N level, etc. Radio power on and power off sounds Radio specific Secure effects System specific effects Test Tones, etc.

55. SimPhonics, Inc. Important Issues to Remember

56. SimPhonics, Inc. Coordinate Systems GeodeticGeocentric (DIS) LAT, LONG, ALTX,Y,Z

57. SimPhonics, Inc. Coordinate Systems DIS uses Geocentric Object to convert Geodetic to Geocentric Note that 0,0,0 Geocentric is the center of the earth and a de-facto DIS standard for non-propagation loss radio. DIS uses Geocentric Object to convert Geodetic to Geocentric Note that 0,0,0 Geocentric is the center of the earth and a de-facto DIS standard for non-propagation loss radio.

58. SimPhonics, Inc. New Style (V8.0) VComm Radios

59. SimPhonics, Inc. Old Style VComm Radios

60. SimPhonics, Inc. Device versus Channel Be careful when dealing with legacy radios Devices are two channels of left and right Channels are independent streams Be careful when dealing with legacy radios Devices are two channels of left and right Channels are independent streams DeviceChannel 1 Left1 1 Right2 2 Left3 2 Right4 Etc…

61. SimPhonics, Inc. Antenna Location De-facto standard x,y,z = 0,0,0 means no propagation loss and is most widely used Any other location, and propagation loss model is in effect De-facto standard x,y,z = 0,0,0 means no propagation loss and is most widely used Any other location, and propagation loss model is in effect