1. Intelligent Shipping Container Project IMPACT & INTEL

2. MPACT I Arizona State Motivation & Requirements Motivation Homeland security requirements (ACSD, MATTs) Homeland security requirements (ACSD, MATTs) Dynamic supply chain Dynamic supply chainRequirements RFID, environmental parameter sensing RFID, environmental parameter sensing Communication capability Communication capability Critical event reporting: intrusion detection Critical event reporting: intrusion detection Lifetime requirements Lifetime requirements S

3. MPACT I Arizona State 2.4 GHz internal network Stargate 2.4 GHz Intelligent Shipping Container System Architecture Compact Flash Memory Card 2GB+ $100 Database MICAz mote 2 2.4 GHz $100 Access point of internal network and a node of inter-container network. Stargate $500 Managing Internal network (hardware, power and security); processing data and maintaining database; processing queries from external network; and routing outgoing packets to one of the two wireless interfaces. External Hosts 802.11 Cellular Network Note: 1.Constrained by ports provided by the Stargate, only one of the two wireless methods, 802.11 and GPRS, can be installed. 2.In this single-stargate setting, the mote attached to the Stargate has to be shared by the internal network and external mote network, a.k.a. inter-container network, which will increase contention and collision in both networks. Two antennae (inside and outside container) are required. To alleviate collision, an additional circuit, antenna selector, may help. But still, the mote cannot receive packets from the two network at the same time. 802.11 card or GPRS Modem 1 $100 GPS Receiver $100 RFID Reader $500 MICAz mote $100 Sensors MICAz mote $100 Sensors MICAz mote $100 Container 51-pin PCMCIACompact Flash USB Ethernet RS232 or MICAz mote Attached to nearby containers’ external Stargates. Proximity MICAz motes form an ad hoc (multi- hop) inter-container network. Nearby PC/PDA E.g. computers at checkpoints or the datacenter, handheld devices held by custom officers and load/unload workers. Querying current and history data and downloading database from the internal database. Remote Server Computers at the datacenter. Collecting real-time data from containers, managing database and responding to critical event reported by containers.

4. MPACT I Arizona State Stargate Demo Sensed data Query results Query & command MicaZ mote & MTS310 sensor boards

5. MPACT I Arizona State StargateInternal Network Intelligent Container Software Components and Data Flow MICA2 mote driver MICA2 mote (TinyOS) Ad hoc networking management; Neighbor discovery; Routing protocols; Security protocols. PC/PDA (Win/CE/Linux) Network establishing; Query generation and display; Database management; Socket server daemon processing voluntary reports and alerts; Security management. External Hosts Remote Server Query generation and display; Database management; Socket server daemon processing voluntary reports and alerts; Security management. Legend: commanddone as planed data partially done 802.11 card driver GPRS modem driver GPS receiver driver Serialforwarder (attached to UART) RFID Reader w/ MICAz mote Periodical RFID reading and reporting, event or command triggered RFID reading, and reliable transmission control. Sensor #1 w/ MICAz mote Periodical environmental data sensing and reporting, event or command triggered data sensing and reliable transmission control. Socket server daemon processing requests (web) Socket server daemon processing sensing data Radio management dynamically determining outgoing wireless interface System configuration, hardware management (self-diagnoses, self-monitoring, watchdog monitoring), power management Data fusion, database management Voluntary report and alert Inter-stargate forwarding if needed Sensor #n w/ TelosB Periodical environmental data sensing and reporting, event or command triggered data sensing and reliable transmission control Security component Database Internal network abstract External network abstract Database accessing (web based) Request manager Sensor network management

6. MPACT I Arizona State Research Topics Energy efficient internal and external communication Synchronization Synchronization Scalable container network Dynamic group assignment Dynamic group assignment