1. It's ELEMENTary, our dear Watson! Nelson W. Couch, PhD, CIH, CSP, Col-ret Triangle Health & Safety, Inc. Durham, NC (Adjunct Professor: UNC & NCSU) ncouch8@earthlink.net 919-544-2853 J. Daniel Bourland, PhD, DABR Associate Professor Dept of Radiation Oncology Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC bourland@wfubmc.edu

2. James E. Watson, Jr. l Quiet charisma, soft spoken, Southern Gentleman » “Jim” to his friends and colleagues “Dr. Watson” to his students l Quiet and unassuming, but very organized - he seemed to have a plan l BS and MS: NC State; PhD: UNC » 27 years on UNC faculty; many awards for his teaching, research and service l President national HPS - 1985 to 1986 l Recipient of the North Carolina’s “Order of the Long Leaf Pine”, the highest honor awarded by the state of North Carolina to a citizen

3. James E. Watson, Jr. l Research: » Radon » Radioactive Waste » Dose Reconstruction l Teacher - Mentor, Coach » Emphasized practical, health protection approach » Always had time and eager to help » Encouraged and enabled achievement – HP & IH program » His students filled careers in industry, government, academia and military, Colleague & Friend

4. Incineration of Radioactive Waste C-14 H-3 Most incinerator licensing criteria held to 10% MPC top of stack

5. Atmospheric Meteorology ° ° ° Dry & Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate 0 1000 2000 3000 -15-10-50510152025 Temperature ºC Altitude, meters Dry Adiabatic ~1ºC/ 100 m Wet Adiabatic ~ 6ºC/1000 m Inversion Superadiabtic Unstable: A, B, C Subadiabtic Stable: E, F Neutral: D

6. Visualization of Atmospheric Conditions Strong Instability Stable Stable - Inversion Stable below, unstable above Unstable below, stable above

7. Visualization of Atmospheric Conditions

8. …sometimes it gets a little strange!

9. Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model Y X Z h H zz yy (x,-y,0) (x,0,0) (x,-y,Z) T H = h + d(v/µ) 1.4 (1+ ) T  (x,y,0) = Q exp[-(y 2 /2  y 2 + H 2 /2  z 2 )]   y  z µ

10. Wind Rose (RDU) N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 8 6 4 2 Average Annual Wind Speeds (m/sec) By Direction

11. Maximum Ground Concentrations N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW (0.92) 700 m (0.89) 500 m (0.74) 700 m (0.74) 800 m (0.89) 700 m (2.32) 800 m (1.80) 6-700 m (2.30) 600 m (1.70) 500 m (1.80) 500 m (1.20) 600 m (1.20) 600 m (1.10) 600 m (1.20) 800 m (1.40) 6-700 m (2.20) 700 m (x10 -12  Ci/ml) H-3

12. Ground Level Concentrations 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.75 0.5 0.2 1.2 1.5 2.0 (x10 -12  Ci/ml) H-3 N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW GLC: 10 5 below top of stack; 10 3 to 10 7 below respective MPC Licensing criteria of 10% MPC top of stack too conservative MSPH: 1981 Won NC and HPS Std Awards

13. Beta Dosimetry Energetic Beta Holding vial for 5 minutes Finger/hand dose from uranium beta

14. TLD Thickness - 0.13 mm LiF-Teflon TLD - 0.5 mm LiF-Teflon TLD - 0.78 mm LiF chip - 0.9 mm LiF chip TLD chip

15. Beta Dosimetry Teledyne Isotopes TLD Reader Model 7300 Donated by Duke Power Panasonic TLD’s: LiF in Telfon Very Thin Gremlin in the Works 1 cm diameter 0.13 mm thick Supported by NIEHS

16. Extrapolation Chamber Standard Beta Sources NTIS traceable: Sr/Y-90; Tl-204, Tc-99 NEIHS prepared: Sr/Y-90; Tl-204, Tc-99, P-32 Electrometer capable of measuring 10 -13 A 3 cm dia active volume with 2.6 mg/cm 2 window

17. Extrapolation Chamber Ionization Current (10 -13 A) Chamber Depth (cm)

18. Extrapolation Chamber Ionization Current (10 -13 A) Chamber Depth (cm)

19. Extrapolation Chamber Ionization Current (10 -13 A) Chamber Depth (cm) di dx Slope = di/dx D tis (mrad/h) = S(1.9x10 12 )/  Note: 45 to 60 minutes per measurement

20. Beta Fingertip Dosimeter Thin flexible backing – like a “band-aid” Up to 4 LiF-Teflon TLD’s Thin cover to protect TLD’s Log Dose Depth ID Beta MDD: 40 mrem – low E 18 mrem – high E

21. Beta Fingertip Dosimeter l Range: » 0.127 to 1.93 Rem/mo l Peaks: » 3.4 Rem in 1 day » 1.3 to 1.6 Rem in 9 to 14 days l Average: » 0.416 ± 0.486 rem/mo 40  Ci P-32 in an Eppendorf Tube measured 300 mRem/min PhD: 1986 2 other std’s earned MSPH’s NIEHS used until 3 yrs ago

22. Educational Life with Jim Watson “He was the Radiological Hygiene Program” Assistant Professor, Program Director 1977 Peterson’s Guides

23. Educational Life with Jim Watson Students Always First – Facilitated Education

24. Educational Life with Jim Watson Simplicity of Content, Demand for Excellence Grading Scale H95 – 100 P+90 < 95 P75 < 90 P-70 < 75 L60 < 70 F< 60 Very difficult to get an Honors, and yet with a personal touch.

25. Educational Life with Jim Watson The North Carolina State University Connection How did this ever work? l NC 54 – “swamp run” l Needed courses » Radiation Biology » Nuclear Engineering l Why? Respected former teachers » Drs. AW Waltner and DS Grosch l Why? Dr Watson made the Program work

26. Evaluation of a Water Immersible Ionization Chamber (MSPH) Duke Univ TZ Wong, F Bagne, PhD

27. Bragg-Gray Cavity Theory A Dual-Volume Parallel Plate Chamber

28. Irradiation Geometry Where is the measurement point for a parallel plate chamber?

29. Results: Satisfactory Characteristics Deformation of Active Volume Probable NC HPS Student Presentation; Oral Presentation, 1980 AAPM

30. A Finite-Size Pencil Beam Model for Three- Dimensional Photon Dose Calculations (PhD)

31. Dr. James E. Watson, Jr. Impact on students and their careers l Always start with first principles l “True scholar and a gentleman” l Simplicity of content, demand for excellence l Students always first l “10% of the nation’s health physicists” l “He was the Radiological Hygiene Program” “He was in the top three of the best teachers I have ever had….he was a true scholar and a gentleman.” (Don Tyndall, DDS, PhD, Professor - UNC Diagnostic Sciences and General Dentistry)

32. Any Questions?