1. Multicast Colin Whittaker INEX Members Meeting Tuesday 6 th February 2007

2. All About Me Senior Network Engineer in Network Development Previously with HEAnet & Internet Ireland Responsible for all areas of Network Design and Planning Responsible for fixing it when the plan doesn’t come together All opinions are my own and not Magnet Networks

3. Magnet Networks Magnet Networks part of Columbia Ventures Corporation Private Investment Company Telecoms Assets in UK / USA / Australia

4. Columbia Ventures Corporation – (Ireland) (Australia) (Ireland) (UK) (United States) Privately held investment company CVC – Investments

5. Hibernia Atlantic Network

6. Magnet Networks Magnet Networks started September 2004 FTTH launched December 2004 Acquired LEAP in mid 2005 LLU launch in September 2005 Acquired Netsource in 2006 Two Brands– Magnet Entertainment = Residential – Magnet Business = Corporate

7. Agenda Tech Primer Drivers Challenges

8. Agenda Drivers Tech Primer Challenges

9. IPTV Key Driver NRENs have deployed already Large Internal deployments: Financial and Content Provider segments. Business Users will demand support in VPN offerings. IPTV is driving Multicast to the end user Walled Garden - Magnet / Vodafone & Sky Public - BBC

10. IPTV key driver How much bandwidth: Sky Digital via satellite: MPEG2 4 – 10Mbit/s SD MPEG 2 @ 4Mbit/s is a tight fit SD MPEG 4 @ 2 – 3Mbit/s is expected to be the norm HD MPEG 4 @ 10 – 20Mbit/s is required to maintain quality

11. IPTV Key Driver

13. Agenda Drivers Tech Primer Challenges

14. Unicast One to One communications Got us where we are today Has scaling challenges as number of sessions grows 10x increase in Users means 10x the traffic volume

15. Unicast

16. Broadcast One to All Just like a sprinkler system Data goes to all Nodes if they want it or not. Wasted capacity

17. Multicast Some to Some One to Many The Middle ground between Unicast and Broadcast Replicate as close to the User as possible Bandwidth only used once and only when needed.

18. Multicast

19. Multicast - ASM Any Source Mulitcast (1990) Sources send to multicast groups Receivers join group and receive from any source Supports Some to Some and One to Many Group ID’s are global (limited addresses) Anyone can DOS your group

20. Multicast - SSM Source Specific Mulitcast (2000) Sources send to multicast groups Receivers join group and source Group ID’s are based on the source as well as the group Receivers only see traffic from specific source

21. Multicast - Protocols PIM-SM (sparse mode – forward on request) MSDP / Anycast-RP for redundancy AutoRP & BSR have too many moving parts MSDP for interdomain support Multiprotocol BGP for interdomain RPF selection Well understood toolbox

22. Multicast - Protocols That’s the Router to Router stuff, now for the LAN IGMP v2 and v3 v3 needed for SSM IGMP snooping required in switches IGMP v3 not widely deployed

23. Multicast – Group ID 224.0.0.0/4 224.0.0.0/24 – link local (OSPF) 239.0.0.0/8 – admin scoped 233.0.0.0/8 – GLOP – encode as into middle two octets 232.0.00/8 – SSM range

24. Multicast – MAC addr Half an OUI reserved for multicast Steve Deering requested 16 OUIs but only given half of one 23bits of MAC to contain 28bit of group ID Leads to 32:1 overlap Be careful not to overlap with special group id’s

25. Multicast – Tricks Static Joins Fast Leave Bidir PIM Snooping

26. Channel Zapping Perceived slowness when changing channel Single channel join <100msec For common channels number of hops required is low GOP much bigger impact. WM9 GOP = 3sec Sky / Magnet =.5sec Iframe caching if >.5sec

27. Agenda Drivers Tech Primer Challenges

28. Access Networks Easy enough to deploy in Backbone and Data centre How about to end users

29. DSL Most DSL users reached via PPPoE / L2TP Have to replicate at BRAS Need to send multiple copies into the access network Cost of bitstream access a concern Do get benefit of bandwidth saving in the backbone UK ISPs found this helpful in BBC deployments

30. DSL Two Solutions Multiple PVC’s to the customer One for PPPoE Second for Video Run IP all the way to the DSLAM and let it do the replication Both require Control of the Access Network

31. Wireless Many wireless devices do not understand multicast. In many cases a separate copy is sent to each reciever Video suffers from timing issues

32. Wireless @home Customers have come to love WiFi Customers do not want to have to run new cabling Some solutions available for home networking 99% of them cannot do multicast CPE vendors slowly moving to support Multicast

33. Agenda Drivers Tech Primer Challenges

34. P2P Working around the lack of efficient distribution Bitorrent 20GBtye HD movie via Bitorrent Joost TV on demand via P2P

35. VOD TV is our killer app but … TV is moving to on demand Sky Plus / Tivo … VOD traffic will dwarf current traffic

36. Support It is backwards to “normal” IP In multicast trouble shooting starts at the receiver Step by Step back to source Not as field hardened as unicast “All Customers TVs stop working after 3 minutes”

37. Further Reading John Lyons – IP Multicast “The Good, the Bad & the Ugly” Toerless Eckert – “IP Multicast/Multipoint for IPTV (and beyond)” Developing IP Multicast – Beau Williamson Inter-domain IP Multicast – Edwards, Guiliano, Wright Internet 2

38. Questions ?