1. Japanese 日本語 Nihongo "Nihongo" ("Japanese") in Japanese script Pronunciation /nihoɴɡo/: [nihõŋɡo],

2. Japanese Language
Japanese has no genetic relationship with Chinese, but it makes extensive use of Chinese characters, or kanji (漢字), in its writing system, and a large portion of its vocabulary is borrowed from Chinese. Along with kanji, the Japanese writing system, kana, primarily uses two syllabic scripts, hiragana
(ひらがな or 平仮名) and
katakana (カタカナ or 片仮名).

3. Japanese Dictionary http://jisho.org/

5. Nippon -- “Land of the Rising Sun”
Population:
128,057,352
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6. Geography: Archipelago- chain of Island 4,000, 4 main islands
Mountains
Steppe Farming due to limited land 12% arable
Lack of Navigable Rivers
-Located on Rim of Fire (Volcano activity common)

8. Islands Hokkaido Honshu Shikuku Kyushu Okinawa
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Shikuku
Kyushu
Okinawa

10. Countries Russia China N. Korea S. Korea
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11. Japan and the United States
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12. Japan’s
Regions
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14. How does geography influence Japan?
lack of resources **
Disasters -> typhoons, volcanoes
dense population
Isolation from foreign world ***
Mongols tried to invade but never could---> “Magical Winds”

15. Global Tectonic Plates Japan -- On the “Fire Rim of the Pacific”
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16. Kobe Earthquake -- January 17, 1995
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7.2 Richter scale
5,500 deaths

17. Kobe Earthquake -- January 17, 1995
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18. Average Monthly Precipitation in Three Cities
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19. Very Mountainous: Little Arable Land
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20. Terrace Farming of Rice
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21. The Japanese Farm the Sea
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Tokyo Fish Market

22. Isolation
Throughout Japanese history, Japan had stayed isolated from foreigners
Just like China

23. Japan vs. China Japan is similar to what culture? Why?
- cultural diffusion from China
examples: Character writing (Kana), Confucianism, Zen Buddhism
cooking, gardening,

24. Japan’s Land Area and Utilization
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26. Early History Small clans
Early Rulers: Yamato  never very strong but never overthrown
During middle ages, landowners became very powerful and Japan settled into its own feudal type system
Rice Tax
Nobles (Diamyos)rise in power

27. Tokugawa Shogun Military leader of Japan during the Middle Ages
-Used to be a temporary title but now became a permanent title
Emperor power declines (figure head)

29. Shogun makes decision to keep Japan isolated from invaders!
Tokugawa= Isolate!
Shogun makes decision to keep Japan isolated from invaders!

30. Bushido Bushido Japanese Samurai code of warrior
**Similar to European Knights
code of Chivalry

31. Harakiri (seppuku)
A vulgar term meaning ‘to slice the abdomen’, which refers to a ritualized form of suicide carried out by Japanese samurai beginning in the Tokugawa period. More properly called seppuku, it involved making two small cross-wise slices across the gut while in a kneeling position, after which a second would behead the samurai with a sword. In practice, the first step was rarely carried out.

32. End of Isolation- Perry visits Japan
During the 19th Century, The “West wanted to begin trading with China and Japan
Japan had refused as did China but in 1853, they had persuasion
1853: US Commodore Matthew Perry brings fleet to Japan with a letter from the US presidents asking Japan to open up its ports- claims he will come back with a bigger fleet if demands are not met

34. 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa two ports open to US
By 1860, Japan opened ports to others.

35. How would the Japanese feel about being forced to do this?
-upset at shogun
-realized they were weak and Tokugawa Shogun realized time was over
-Japan looks to new emperor Mutsuhito for pride and nationalism
-Chose name “Meji” which means enlightened ruler
o “if you can’t beat the west, be the west”

36. Modernization/ Industrialization
Russell’s Rule
Meiji =
Modernization/ Industrialization
Made Japan a modern economic and World power by creating industry

37. Modernized Japan Schools modeled after US Army of Germany
Navy of Britain
Germany’s government
Industrialize like west
Build factories
Build railroads

38. Conclusion With modernization came more money and more POWER
Japan by felt equal with West wanted to show their power to the world
Began to follow Western footsteps of imperialism

39. What is imperialism?
taking over a territory of a weaker nation by a stronger nation ( Bully effect) and use them for resources

40. Sino- Japanese War 1876 Japan vs. China
o Like western countries, Japan forced Korea to open up ports but China protested  both agreed not to fight but China sent in troops and Japan responded and defeated China easily
Got control of Taiwan and other islands

42. This left Russia realizing Japan was a major power in Asia and challenged their supremacy

43. Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 Both wanted control of Manchuria
Japan offered to recognize Russian rights in Manchuria if Russia stayed out of Korea
O They did not and war started
O Japan wins and US negotiated treaty between both countries
Japan gains complete control of Korea
Annexation of Korea

45. WWI- Japan fought with Allies (US, Russia, Great Britain and France)
Win war but get nothing for help in winning war
Disappointed and relationship with West declines

46.
-Japan continues to imperialize in order to obtain more resources and power. They had faced major depression during the 1920’s due to a major earthquake and depression in West
REMEMBER Japan needs resources and is not a self sufficient country based on geography

48. WWII
During WWII Japan aligns with axis powers of Germany and Italy. They share betrayal of others. Japan and Italy were left out of WWI treaty

49. December 7th, 1941 Pearl Harbor Attack
Why did they do this?
- Japan wanted dominance in Pacific and only powerful nation with any interest in Pacific Ocean. They figured if they took out harbors in Pear Harbor which contained submarines, carriers, and destroyers, US would not be able to help other nations in Pacific because it would be too far away
o Successful attack except for one thing: Japan did not count on Air-craft carriers not being at Pearl Harbor
These would later allow US to attack Japan (island hopping) and eventually drop the A-bomb

50. Results
A-bomb dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima and Japan is rebuilt by US
Emperor is no longer seen as divine
Creation of a Mixed Economy like US
-Rebuilt into Economic power of technology

51. SAYONARA
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