1. Good luck…but if you study you won’t need luck!
Winter Final Review
Good luck…but if you study you won’t need luck!

2. Key Terms
River Valley Civilizations- where the 1st civilizations began
Neolithic Revolution- shift from hunting-gathering to farming
Twelve Tables- Roman Laws
Ten Commandments- Jewish laws given by God
Printing Press- by Johan Gutenberg
Magna Carta- limited the power of the king

3. Key Terms Code of Hammurabi- 1st set of laws Monotheistic- 1 god
Caste System- India’s social system brought by the Aryans
Feudal System- Medieval Europe social/political system
Enlightenment- new political/economic ideas
Eightfold Path- to give up selfish human desires and follow this path

4. Key Terms Polytheistic- more than one god Democracy- rule of the many
Four Noble Truths- explain life’s meaning
Black Death- Bubonic Plage killed 1/3 of Europe’s population
Columbian Exchange- spread of foods and ideas between the new world and old world
Republic- government where people vote for their leader (who is not a king)

5. Key People Socrates- Greek philosopher who was a teacher
Plato- Greek philosopher & student of Socrates
Aristotle- Greek philosopher & student of Plato

6. Key People Siddhartha Gautama- Buddha- “the Enlightened One”
Confucian- establish a philosophy based on what he believed was the basic order of the universe
Machiavelli- wrote The Prince- told kings to do whatever it took to keep his power

7. Key People Galileo- said the sun was the center of the universe
Martin Luther- started the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Thesis
John Locke- believed everyone is born with natural rights

8. 1. What are the 6 Characteristics of Civilization?
Cities
Government
Religion
Social structure
Writing
Art

9. 2. Where did the first civilizations develop? Why did they start there?
-River Valley Civilizations
They had fertile soil, fresh water, and warm climates
3. What triggered the Neolithic Revolution?
-Grow food and domesticate animals

10. 4. Which Greek City-State did America get the idea of Democracy from?
-Athens
5. How did Greece’s geography influence the ancient Greek’s development?
-mountains made civilizations isolated so city-states formed

11. 6. How did Italy’s geography influence Rome’s development?
The central location in the Mediterranean Sea helped them control trade
7. How does Buddha believe one can achieve Enlightenment/Nirvana?
-abandoning their selfish desires and following the Eightfold Path
8. What do Hinduism and Buddhism have in common?
-They both believe in reincarnation

12. 9 Religion Similarities Differences Judaism Monotheistic
Waiting on the Messiah
Christianity
Jesus is the Messiah
Islam
Jesus is just a profit
Hinduism
Reincarnation
Polytheistic
Caste System
Buddhism
No god
Confucianism
Not a religion 9

13. 10. What religion is associated with the caste system? Hinduism 11.
Rome
Similarities
Han
Christianity
Latin was not forced on conquered people
-Invasions
-Political weakness
-Economic problems
-Military decline
Buddhism & Confucianism
Chinese became the language of conquered people

14. 12. What were some of the effects of the fall of Rome?
- economic disorder and weak central government
13. What does it mean to be an advanced civilization?
- to have advanced buildings, written language and government
14. What caused the Dark Ages in Europe?
-The fall of Rome

15. 15.What religion started in the Byzantine Empire?
-Eastern Orthodox Christianity

16. Feudal System vs Caste System

17. 16. What are the similarities and differences between the caste system and the feudal system?
- social and political system
- born into social class
-Differences
-Caste system you can not change your class

18. 17. What were the effects of the crusades?
-Increased trade between Europe and Asia
18. What was the role of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
-provided stability, unity, and order
19. What are the characteristics of the feudal system?
-land in exchange for service
- loyalty to lord

19. 20. What was a major goal of the Crusades?
-to recapture the Holy Land
21. What two things helped the Black Plague spread to Europe?
- Trade from Asia and Rats
22. What were the causes of the Protestant Reformation?
-Sale of indulgences, corruption of the Church
23. What were the effects of the printing press?
- spread of secular ideas, printing in the vernacular, literacy rates increased

20. 24. List the 7 Enlightenment thinkers with their central ideas.
-John Locke- Natural Rights
-Thomas Hobbes- Sovereign Authority
-Rousseau- Social Contract
-Montesquieu- Separation of Powers
-Voltaire- Religious Tolerance
-Blackstone- Common Law
-Adam Smith- Free Market Economy

21. 25. Why did the English nobles make King John sign the Magna Carta?
-he was abusing his powers…to limit the powers of the king
26. What were the effects of European exploration on the Native American population?
-it decreased due to diseases and warfare

22. Don’t forget to Study!!!!