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Mamluk(e) Sultanate - in Egypt and Syria

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1 Mamluk(e) Sultanate - in Egypt and Syria
( ) Ottoman Sultanate - originally in Asia Minor (c ) Delhi Sultanate ( or 1526)

2 1250 Mamluks seize power in Egypt 1260 Mamluks defeat Mongols in Syria 1261 Baybars installs ‘Abbasid caliph in Cairo 1517 Ottomans oust Mamluks Saladin (d. 1193) mamluk = “owned” Qipchaq steppe Baybars (r )

3 Map Link: Rise of the Mamluk Sultanate:
< uploads/Maps/Map%20-%20Mamluks%20sieze% 20power%20-%20base.pdf>

4 Sultan Hasan Mosque/Tomb/Madrasa (religious college) Complex,
Cairo (bt ) Map Link: Mamluk Conquest of the Coast: < uploads/Maps/Map%20-%20Mamluks%20 conquer%20coast% pdf>

5 640s Muslim raids into India begin Mahmud of Ghazna (r. 998-1030)
Map Link: Muslim India ( ): < uploads/Maps/Map%20-%20India%20Muslim %20Conquest.pdf>

6 1186-1206 Reign of Ghurid sultan
Muhammad 1206 Qutb al-Din Aybak assassinates Muhammad, declares self sultan of Delhi (r ) or 1526 Delhi Sultanate in India Reign of Sultan Firuz Civil war in India

7 Qutb Complex, Delhi (bt. c. 1206-1388)

8 Saljuq Sultanate of Rum, c. 1200 Ottoman Empire, founded by Osman
Soghut gazi/ghazi = holy warrior Map Link: Ottoman Empire to 1512: < uploads/Maps/Map%20-%20Ottomans%20to % pdf>

9 1326 Orhan (r ) takes Bursa 1361 Orhan takes Edirne Reign of Murat (Murad) I Reign of Bayezit (Bayezid) I

10 Janissary, from Yeni Çeri = “New Force”
devshirme system Janissary, from Yeni Çeri = “New Force”

11 1395 Bayezit besieges Constantinople
1396 Bayezit defeats crusaders at Nicopolis

12 Ibn Khaldun (b. Tunis 1332, d. Cairo 1406)
Wali al-Din ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad Famous Muslim historian, sociologist and philosopher Born in Tunis, standard religious education Parents died of plague when he was 17

13 Ibn Khaldun (b. Tunis 1332, d. Cairo 1406)
Went to court at Fez and took up administrative position, but soon left it to travel. Had various adventures and worked in various courts in Spain and N. Africa Eventually went to Cairo to escape plot, arrived 1382 Became popular teacher, held various teaching and legal positions, incl. occasional work for Mamluk sultans. Met Timur Lang

14 Ibn Khaldun (b. Tunis 1332, d. Cairo 1406)
Ambitious, adventurous, ruthless and not averse to convenient changes of loyalty Ultimate aim seems to have been revivification of collapsing Muslim civilisation Best known for two works: 1. Al-Muqaddima - introduction to historian’s craft as scientific pursuit 2. Kitab al-‘Ibar - universal history

15 Ibn Fadl Allah al-‘Umari (1301-49)
Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Fadl Allah al-‘Umari Born in Damascus into family of bureaucrats Began career in chancery in Cairo, but dismissed after quarrel with sultan, and imprisoned after further quarrel Soon released and became head of chancery in Damascus, but dismissed after 3 years

16 Ibn Fadl Allah al-‘Umari (1301-49)
Died of fever in 1349 Various works. Best known for al-Ta‘rif bi’l-Mustalah al-Sharif - manual on administration explaining organisation of Mamluk empire and manners of correspondence with various offices and foreign powers

17 Anonymous Ottoman Chronicle
Author unknown Goes up to late 15th c.


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