1. Family and the Industrial Revolution

2. Misconceptions “Machines destroyed the working class family.” –Home replaced by factory. –Father permitted to employ wife and children –Families relocated closer to factories

3. Factory Wages Skilled men earned nice wages Unskilled men, women, children- average to poor wages

4. English Factory Act of 1833 No Children under 9. 9 Hour Maximum Work Day 2 Hours of Education Adults/ Teens- Max. 12 hr. work day ~~ 1847- Changed to a Max 10 hr work day

5. Mines Act of 1842 Prohibited underground work for all women as well as boys under 10 years old.

6. Women in the Industrial Revolution

7. Women in factories Most were women of the lower classes Many were unmarried Had to deal with male supervisors

8. Harsh Working Conditions At homes or sweatshops Lace making, glove making, garment making, and needlework Low wages, low skills Frequently faced exploitation

9. Problems arise Low wages forced many women into prostitution. Similar to situations to that of “A Factory Girl” was common. The primary reason for this: the transformation of an economy of skilled artisans to that of low skilled factory workers.

10. Changes in marriage Cohabitation becomes more common. Less arranged marriages. Fewer family, community ties. More available young men. Illegitimate births increased w/ fewer men willing to marry those fleeting love affairs

11. More changes Husband was the sole provider. Children, not women, sent to work. More children.

12. Domestic duties Homemaking- an essential part of family life. Cooking, finances Working class marriages tended to imitate the family patterns of the upper classes.