2. Mexican Americans Organize Cesar Chavez Family was migrant farmers while growing up 1962, organized the National Farm Workers Association Union boycotted farms Raised workers’ pay Better working conditions

3. Mexican Americans Organize (cont’d) 1960s and 1970s: Most Mexican Americans lived in California or the Southwest 1970: La Raza Unida (The United People) Better housing, jobs, education, pay Election of Mexican Americans Students organized: Demanded better schools Mexican American teachers Different subjects

4. Hispanic Diversity Hispanics: Roots that go back to Spanish-speaking countries and cultures Latinos: Those who come from countries in Latin America Many come from different countries Latinos: Immigration really important Puerto Ricans: Already citizens Cubans: Politically conservative, escaped from communism

5. Native Americans Unite Had difficulty uniting Different backgrounds Gov’t changed laws to not protect land United Natives together - protested National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) Declaration of Indian Purpose “Right to choose our own way of life.” “Responsibility of preserving precious heritage.”

6. Native Americans Unite (cont’d) 1968: American Indian Movement (AIM) Demanded rights for people on reservations Greater recognition of tribal laws 1972: AIM member occupied Bureau of Indian Affairs for 7 days Wanted own sovereign rights – not “white man’s” rights Protested for more gov’t aid Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975 More Control of social programs, law enforcement, education.

7. The Women’s Movement 1960s: Women demanded equal rights Women’s jobs were limited Limited legal rights Could lose job if pregnant When married expected to quit job “Unnatural” to work outside home

8. The Women’s Movement (cont’d) 1966: National Organization of Women (NOW) Goals: Good jobs / Equal pay Equal Rights Act of 1972 Called for no discrimination based on sex Not enough states ratified it – DID NOT PASS! Eventually, discrimination laws would be passed to expand rights of women in the workplace, sports, and education.