1. ANCIENT INDIA

2. Indus Valley Civilization 2500 B.C.E Developed along the Indus River in modern- day Pakistan Their cities were planned out and included sewage systems. Harappa was their most famous city

3. Aryans Invade the Indus Valley 1500 B.C.E Indo-European Aryans from Caspian Sea area Developed a Caste System Brought their religion to India based upon a sacred text-The Vedas Hinduism developed over time Hindus work to achieve moksha or complete understanding of the universe Reincarnation occurs and karma follows to the next life.

4. Buddhism Develops Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)-developed Buddhism in the 500s B.C.E Searched for enlightenment, or wisdom to end suffering The Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path/Middle Way Nirvana-release from selfishness and pain.

5. The Mauryan Empire, Asoka, and the Gupta Empire Chandragupta Maurya united India by 303 B.C.E Asoka-Maurya’s grandson became India’s greatest king and spread Buddhism across India. Religious Toleration The Gupta Empire- “Golden Age” experienced profit from trade and achievements in the arts, science, and religious thought.

6. ANCIENT CHINA

7. Chinese Dynasties Ancient China was characterized by dynasties-series of rulers from same family The Zhou Dynasty was one of the earliest (1027-256 B.C.E) Farmers btw. Huang He and Chiang Jiang Rivers Developed the Mandate of Heaven Dynastic Cycle

8. Confucianism Develops Confucius (551-479 B.C.E)-China’s greatest philosopher Developed a moral code to live by. Five Relationships Filial Piety-respect for parents and ancestors Stressed education Created a bureaucracy, or trained civil service for the government.

9. The Qin Dynasty (221-202 B.C.E) Founded by Shi Huangdi, “First Emperor.” Unified China through conquest Harsh ruler; centralized autocracy Burned Confucian texts Built the Great Wall of China

10. The Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E-220 C.E.) Expanded under Emperor Wudi, “The Martial Emperor” Increased trade by building silk roads across China Created a Bureaucracy with civil service jobs Examination System based upon Confucianism Spread Chinese thought Technology (paper)