1. Philosophes India, Jay, Cammie, Regan

2. Welcome to the Kingdom of Heaven…

3. Adam Smith Scottish “social philosopher” “Father of modern economics and capitalism” (through “Wealth of Nations) Invisible Hand Division of Labor – “the pins” Buddies with Hume

4. David Hume Born in 1711 in Edinburgh Scotland Believed in a Strong Monarchy He attacked two basic governmental ideas Social contract-society cannot be maintained without a governmental system Instinctive nature of justice regarding private property-

5. Diderot French Philosopher during the Enlightenment Some people are born more privileged than others “progressing through technology was doomed to fail” Co-founder of “encyclopedie” Google can think Diderot…

6. Rene Descartes ‘Father of Modern Philosophy’ France 1596- Sweden 1650 Descartes spent much of his adult life in the Dutch Republic Meditations on First Philosophy Epistemological-a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human nature. Conception and theory of human knowledge

7. Montesquieu France 1689- France 1755 Social commentator and political thinker during the enlightenment Responsible for feudalism and the theory of separation of powers Three main forms of government: Monarchies, Republics, and Despotisms “An empire founded by war has to maintain itself by war”

8. Rousseau “Man is born free and everyone is born free” Noble savage: man is naturally good, but is corrupted by society The state of nature (hypothetical condition that preceded governments) Romanticism Born in Geneva, died in France Believed in education

9. Voltaire-Francois Marie Arouet French Enlightenment writer and philosopher Born in Paris in 1694 however grew up in England Believed in an Absolute Monarchy Everyone treated equally and with justice Strongly opposed the Church Did not get along with Rousseau Views differed on almost every subject

10. Beccaria Spinoza Born in Italy, died in Italy Believed in torture and the death penalty “Happy is the nation without a history” Crime and punishment Born in Dutch Republic, died in Dutch Republic Scientist and rationalist Deposed Descartes “Freedom is absolutely necessary for the progress in science and the liberal arts”