2. Human-Computer Interaction: An Opportunity for Information Systems Researchers Jenny Preece Information Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County Preece@umbc.edu www.ifsm.umbc.edu/~preece www.ifsm.umbc.edu/onlinecommunities www.id-book.com

3. Online communities A virtual space where people discuss and exchange information and support Patients, professionals, students, citizens Small or large, local, national, or international, virtual or physi-virtual

7. SociabilityUsability  Purpose  People  Policies  Dialog & social interaction support  Information design  Navigation  Access

8. What makes an online community successful? Guidelines, heuristics and metrics for success Participation - posting & lurking Group dynamics Trust in interpersonal communication Empathic communities

9. www.ifsm.umbc.edu/onlinecommunities www.id-book.com

10. SIGCHI 1992 Model of HCI http://www.acm.org/sigchi/cdg/

11. Organizational goal Eason’s 1991 Socio-technical systems: Levels of analysis Organizational goal Social system Technical system Work PeopleTechnology LEVEL 3 Society LEVEL 2 Organization LEVEL 1 Individual

12. ICIS Conference call Meeting the Challenges of a Global Networked Economy Business Models, Markets, and Economy Innovation, Strategy, and Change Organization, Culture, Decision-Making & Knowledge Time, Space, and Mobility Architecture, Systems, & Infrastructure Society, Policy, & Regulation Meta Frameworks and Theory

13. ICIS Conference call Meeting the Challenges of a Global Networked Economy Business Models, Markets, and Economy Innovation, Strategy, and Change Organization, Culture, Decision-Making & Knowledge Time, Space, and Mobility Architecture, Systems, & Infrastructure Society, Policy, & Regulation Meta Frameworks and Theory

14. Organizational goal A change in emphasis (based on Eason’s 1991) Organizational goal Social system Technical system Work PeopleTechnology LEVEL 3 Society LEVEL 2 Organization LEVEL 1 Individual Global

15. Change in emphasis from users interacting with technology to users interacting with systems supported by technology Human-systems interaction Emphasis on organization, society, global Also in SIGCHI and Computer Supported Co-operative Work (CSCW)

16. Human-systems interaction Individual usability Organizational usability Societal usability Mobile devices Display design Input strategies Info. Viz. Collaborating & sharing Information flow Work flow Cost-benefits Quality measures Global networks Culture & society Mobility of people, business, $$$ Trust, security, privacy Social capital

17. Expanding application areas E-areas: e-commerce, e-education & training, e-government, e-health Internet law, knowledge management, inter- cultural communication, communities of practice, online communities, creativity support Local & global markets, advertising, management (B->C, B->B), business process, government services, homeland security, international development

18. Theories needed Individual: model human processor, (1980), Fitts’ Law, direct-manipulation (Shneiderman, 1982), Norman’s 7 stages (1986) Organizational: group support, computer mediated communication – common-ground, distributed cognition, activity theory Societal: trust, reciprocity, social capital, inter- cultural communication, digital divide MIS emphasizes theory (Zhang et al, 2002)

19. Methods needed Individual: usability testing to compare designs, modeling, heuristic evaluation Organizational: comparative studies, questionnaires, observation, ethnography, contextual inquiry Societal: network analysis, group process analysis, survey analysis, diaries & logging, virtual ethnography

20. Human-Systems Interaction: An Opportunity for Information Systems Researchers Jenny Preece Information Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County Preece@umbc.edu www.ifsm.umbc.edu/~preece www.ifsm.umbc.edu/onlinecommunities www.id-book.com

21. Questions & comments

22. Recent publications Preece, J. (Ed.) (2002) Supporting Community and Building Social Capital. Special edition of Communications of the ACM, 45, 4. 37- 73. Preece, J. and Ghozati, K. (2001) Observations and Explorations of Empathy Online. In. R. R. Rice and J. E. Katz, The Internet and Health Communication: Experience and Expectations. Sage Publications Inc.: Thousand Oaks. 237-260. Andrews, D., Preece, J., and Turoff, M. (2002) A conceptual framework for demographic groups resistant to online community. I. J. Elect Commerce, 6, 3, 9-24. Preece, J. (2001) Sociability and usability: Twenty years of chatting online. Behavior and Information Technology Journal, 20, 5, 347-356. Nonnecke, B. & Preece, J. (2000) Counting the silent. ACM CHI’2000, Hague, 73-80. Brown, J. R., van Dam, A., Earnshaw, R., Encarnacao, J., Geudj, R., Preece, J., Shneiderman, B., Vince, J. (1999) Human-centered computing, online communities, and virtual environments. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. 19, 6, 70-74. Preece, J. (1998). Empathic communities: Reaching out across the Web. ACM Interactions 5 (2), 32-43. Preece, J. (1999). Empathic communities: Balancing emotional and factual communication. Interacting with Computers, 12, 63-77.