1. 1 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt 10 pt 15 pt 20 pt 25 pt 5 pt Phylum Porifera and Cnideria Worms Phylum Mollusca Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Arthropoda

2. Q: Which of the following are part of Phylum Cnideria? Starfish Corals Jellyfish Sea cucumbers Anemones 2

3. Answer Corals Jellyfish Anemones 3

4. Give two characteristics of Phylum Porifera. 4

5. Answer Commonly called sponges: Filter feeders. Mostly sessile. Can digest nutrients in individual cells. Have pores. Live in water. Asymmetrical. 5

6. A.What structure provides support to sponges? B.What are the two body forms that cnidarians can undergo during their lifetime? 6

7. Answer A: Spicules B: Polyp and Medusa 7

8. What are the special stinging cells in jellyfish called and what is there function? 8

9. Answer Nematocysts They are used to stun and capture prey and defend against predators. 9

10. 10 How do sponges reproduce asexually and sexually?

11. Answer Asexually: Budding = gemmules (cloned mini sponges). Sexually: Both sponges make sperm/eggs. Sperm leaves osculum and enters the pore of the sponge next to it. Fertilization  zygotes  larvae (swim)  out osculum  new location  grow. 11

12. 12 What are the three Phylums of worms that we studied?

13. Answer 1) Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms 2) Phylum Nematoda: Round Worms 3) Phylum Annelida: Segmented Worms 13

14. 14 What are the three classes found in phylum Platyhelminthes?

15. Answer Class Turbellaria (Planaria) Class Trematoda (Flukes) Class Cestoda (Tapeworms) 15

16. Filaria worms cause which type of disease / condition? a.Itchy bum b.Elephantiasis c.Trichinosis d.Heartworm e.Schistosomiasis 16

17. Answer B – Elephantiasis It causes blockage of lymph nodes and blood vessels causing swelling of the tissues. 17

18. How does a human typically contract tapeworm? a.Coming into contact with contaminated feces in sandboxes. b.Ingesting tapeworm larvae. c.Ingesting tapeworm eggs in undercooked meat. d.Transmission from a mosquito vector. 18

19. Answer C - Ingesting tapeworm eggs in undercooked meat. 19

20. What are the structural units that are part of the excretory system in Earthworms? 20

21. Answer Nephridia 21

22. What are three examples of molluscs? 22

23. Answer Snails – have a shell. Stomach-foot. Nudibranchs – sea slugs. Stinging cells from eating jellyfish. Octopi – no bones. Can fit through a space the size of a quarter. Chromatophores. Squid – Ink sac. Chromatophores. Quill. Mussel / Scallop / Clam – bivalves. Two shells. Filter feeders. etc 23

24. What are the three classes of molluscs and what do the names stand for? 24

25. Answer 1.Class Bivalvia: “two” “valves” 2.Class Gastropoda: “stomach” “foot” 3.Class Cephalopoda: “head” “foot” 25

26. What are chromatophores? Which species of Molluscs use them? 26

27. Answer Chromatophores are specialized cells that contain pigment (and light reflectors beneath them) allowing animals to change colour and camouflage. Squid and octopi have these special cells. 27

28. Identify the following structures. 28 1 2 3 4

29. Answer 1.Quill 2.Incurrent Siphon 3.Gills 4.Mantle 29 1 2 3 4

30. Define the following terms associated with Molluscs. A.Radula B.Mantle C.Gills 30

31. Answer A.Radula : A rasping tongue-like organ used to bring food to the mouth. Sometimes they have teeth at the end of it. B.Mantle: The tissue that secretes the shell. C.Gills: Feathery overlapping pieces of tissue that act as lungs. Water flows over them and they extract oxygen and distribute throughout the body. 31

32. What does “Echinoderm” stand for? 32

33. Answer “Spiny skinned one” Or “Hedgehog skin” 33

34. How do echinoderms reproduce asexually? 34

35. Answer By regeneration!! So long as they have a portion of the ring canal and one arm they are capable of regenerating the rest of their arms. Each cut off arm will produce a new sea star. 35

36. What is an ampulla and how does it work? 36

37. Answer It is the top of the tube foot. It works like an eyedropper, creating suction and allowing the tube foot to retract or expand. NOTE: If too many of the tube feet are damaged, it is next to impossible for the sea star to move. 37

38. Do echinoderms have brains? Explain. 38

39. Answer No they do not have brains! They have an external sensory system and an internal nervous system but they are not capable of complex thought processes. 39

40. Explain the water vascular system and give two functions this system has. 40

41. Answer 1.Water enters in through the madreporite. 2.It passes throughout the radial canal, into all the tube feet. 3.Tube feet fill with seawater, they expand. Functions: 1.Movement by expanding tube feet. 2.Capturing and ripping open food. 41

42. What does the term “Arthropod” mean? 42

43. Answer Arthro = jointed Pod = foot Therefore = organisms with jointed feet and appendages. 43

44. Which of the following are not characteristics of crustaceans? a.Lateral compound eyes b.Three body regions c.Two pair of antennae d.Have chelicerae e.Primarily aquatic f.6 legs 44

45. Answer a.Lateral compound eyes b.Three body regions – they only have two c.Two pair of antennae d.Have chelicerae – only arachnids have these e.Primarily aquatic f.6 legs – they have 5 or more pairs of legs. 45

46. Define open and closed circulatory systems. Which type do insects have? 46

47. Answer Open: may or may not have a heart, blood not always contained in vessels, may pool over organs. Closed: heart pumps blood that is always contained in vessels. Insects have an open circulatory system 47

48. Identify the following parts of the grasshopper: 48 2 1 3

49. Answer 1.Antennae 2.Spiracles 3.Ovipositor 49 2 1 3

50. Give three specific differences (from the lab) between the grasshopper and the crayfish. 50

51. Answer 51 GrasshopperCrayfish Number of pairs of legs35 Number of Antennae24 Telson (tail)NoYes Respiratory organ (breathing) Spiracles: holes in exoskeleton allow for diffusion of gases. Gills: feathery structures that allow gas exchange in water. Excretory OrganMalpighian TubulesGreen Glands