3. NATURAL RESOURCES  LAND  WATER  VEGETATION

4. LAND National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use and Planning(NBSS&LUP )

5. NBSS&LUP,Nagpur of ICAR (2005) Sl. No SourceIndia (Lakh Ha) Andhra Pradesh (Lakh Ha) 1Water Erosion936.80115.18 2Wind Erosion94.80Nil 3Water logging/flooding14318.96 4Salinity/Alkalinity59.45.17 5Soil acidity160.49.05 6Complex problems73.81.56 7Geographical Area3287275.05 8Degraded area (%)44.6654.5

6. PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS(KGs/Ha) Sl. No Country/StatePaddyWheatMaizeGroundnut (In shell) Sugarcane 1World411228044815214968257 2India31242619193885966945 3Pakistan316425192906-----49229 4China626544555365311882528 6Egypt1059864557887-----120887 7USA769428253629296473833 8Andhra Pradesh3345------5263144982267 (Source : From Ministry of Agriculture,GoI & Commissionerate of Agrl.A.P.,Hyd 2007-08)

8. Sl.NoYearPopulation (crores) Gross Cropped area (million ha) Total food grains production (million tonnes) Per capita per day food grains requirement (grams) Net availability of food grains per capita per day(grams) 1195136.197.350.82 550 394.9 2196143.92 (21.66%) 152.77 (57%) 82.02 (61.39%) 468.7 3197154.81 (24.79%) 165.79 (8.5%) 108.42 (32.18%) 468.8 4198168.43 (24.84%) 172.63 (4.12%) 129.29 (19.24%) 454.8 6199184.63 (23.67%) 185.74 (7.59%) 176.39 (36.42%) 510.1 72001102.7 (21.35%) 189.74 (2.15%) 195.92 (11.07%) 416.2 82011127 (23.66%) 200.90 (5.88%) 254.95( Required) (30.12%) 92021133 (4.72%) 209.79 (4.42%) 266.99( Required) (4.7%)

9.  Geographical area of India 3287 lakh ha  Net cultivated area : 1420 lakh ha  Irrigated area : 570 lakh ha  Rainfed area : 850 lakh ha  Low productivity and low input usage are two major issues confronting rainfed farming.  Productivity per unit of land  Productivity per unit of water are important for optimum production.

12. SPLASH EROSION

13. SHEET EROSION

15. GULLY EROSION

16. Sl.NoSoil Erosion Rate (t/ha/yr) Soil erosion class 10-5Slight 25-10Moderate 310-20High 420-40Very high 540-80Severe 6> 80Very severe

17. ACID SOILS

18. SALINE SOILS

19. ALKALINE SOILS

20. RECLAMATION OF SALINE SOILS 1.Deep ploughing 2. Sanding 3.Adding gypsum 4.Adding sulfur 5.Adding organic matter Causes : Low rainfall, high evaporation rate, poor drainage, irrigation with saline water RECLAMATION OF ALKALINE SOILS Application of gypsum, leaching, green manuring, straw mulching Causes : presence of carbonates of ca, mg and na RECLAMATION OF ACID SOILS: Adding ground limestone (calcium carbonate) Causes : High rainfall

21. SHIFTING CULTIVATION

22. WATER Blue water is the source of supply. It is equivalent to the natural water resources (surface and groundwater runoff). Green water is the rainwater directly used and evaporated by non-irrigated agriculture, pastures and forests

25. Sl.NoCROPIRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENT (MM) 1RICE300-950 2MAIZE400-750 3SOYABEAM500-860 4SUGARCANE1000-1500 5COTTON550-950 6GROUNDNUT500-550 7SUNFLOWER350-500 8WHEAT300-450

26. VIRTUAL WATEER Amount of water that is embedded in food or other products needed for its production Trade in VW allows scarce countries to import high water consuming products while exporting low water consuming products Sl.NoPRODUCTVW Content (m3/ tonne ) 1Potato160 2Maize900 3Milk900 4Wheat1350 5Rice3000 6Soyabean2300 1 cup of coffee needs 140 litres of water 1 litre of milk needs 1000 litres of water. 1 kg of wheat needs 1350 litres of water. 1 kg of rice needs 3000 litres of water. 1 kg maize needs 900 litres of water.

41. WATERSHED  A geohydrological unit draining to a common point by a system of drains.  It is topographically delineated area draining into a single channel.  It is considered as a biological, physical, economic and social system  It is environmental tool for taking up development initiatives  It is a logical unit for planning optimal development of its soil, water and biomass resources.

42. TYPES OF WATERSHEDS 1.MACRO WATERSHED > 50000 ha 2.SUB WATERSHED > 10000 to 50000 ha 3.MILLI WATERSHED > 1000 to 10000 ha 4.MICRO WATERSHED > 100 to 1000 ha 5.MINI WATERSHED > 1 to 100 ha

43. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (Since inception to 2006-07) Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1NWDPRA (1990-91) 93.093025.56 2RVP&FPR (1962&81) 64.862244.24 3WDPSCA(1974-75)3.93295.58 4RADAS(1985-86)7.11121.74 5WDF(1999-00)0.5926.02 6EAPs18.153967.35 Total187.739680.49

44. Ministry of Rural Development (Since inception upto 2006-07) Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1DPAP (1973-74) 137.274842.50 2DDP (1977-78) 78.731949.88 3IWDP (1988-89) 99.562438.15 4EAPs5.0292.67 Total 320.569523.20

45. Ministry of Environment & Forests Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1NAEP(1989-90)0.7047.53 Total 0.7047.53

46. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (XI FYP) Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1NWDPRA15.001500 2RVP&FPR12.501500 3WDPSCA2.00240 4RADAS1.00100 5WDF5.00600 6EAPs5.00750 7RADP30.003300 Total70.507990

47. Ministry of Rural Development (XI FYP) Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1DPAP DDP IWDP IWDP/IWMP 240.0015358 2 3 Total 240.0015358

48. PLANNING COMMISSION Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1Hill Area & Westren Ghat Development Programme 102500

49. INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

52. National Rainfed Area Authority Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India NASC Complex, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg PUSA, New Delhi - 110012

53. Sl.NoBUDGET COMPONENT% OF THE BUDGET 1ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS10 2MONITORING1 3EVALUATION1 (I) PREPARATORY PHASE ( 1 -2 YEARS) 4ENTRY POINT ACTIVITIES4 5INSTITUTION & CAPACITY BUILDING5 6DETAILED PROJECT REPORT(DPR)1 (II) WATERSHED WORKS PHASE(2-3 YEARS) 7WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT WORKS50 8LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES FOR THE ASSETLESS PERSONS10 9PRODUCTION SYSTEM & MICRO ENTERPRISES13 (III)CONSOLIDATION PHASE(1-2 YEARS)5 TOTAL100

54. Sl. No DISTRICTNUMBER OF MEGA WATERSHED PROJECTS AREA (Ha) TOTAL PROJECT COST (Crores) 1Adilabad93600043.20 2Anantapur155920571.05 3Chittoor93802545.63 4Kadapa72800033.60 5Khammam21000012.00 6Kurnool136301075.61 7Mahabubnagar166415076.98 8Medak52530030.36 IWMP PROJECTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH

55. Sl. No DISTRICTNUMBER OF MEGA WATERSHED PROJECTS AREA (Ha) TOTAL PROJECT COST (Crores) 9Nalgonda93450041.40 10Prakasam146760081.12 11Ranga Reddy72814333.77 12Srikakulam41950823.41

56. “The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets which it must turn over to the next generation increased, and not impaired, in value“The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets which it must turn over to the next generation increased, and not impaired, in value”