1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium Educational Toolkit DECAY AND ENVIRONMENT Module 3 Basic Course Teaching Material Topic3.5 Preventive Conservation

2. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium Copyright ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012 This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries. This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, by any means at all times and on any downloads, copies and or, adaptations, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms. Use of the material amounting to a distortion or mutilation of the material or is otherwise prejudicial to the honor or reputation of ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011 is forbidden. Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained. Disclaimer This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.

3. Abstract Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium Welcome to Module 3 of ELAICH, You will study the meaning of Preventive Conservation. FOLLOW US!!!!!

4. Searching for the perfect shelter? Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium Preventive Conservation

5. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium Preventive Conservation CONSERVATION = maintaining a work of art in « good condition »

6. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium Preventive Conservation In addition to intrinsic parameters, often ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS are important for conservation, even indoors (museums, cathedrals). Improving the environmental conditions (micro-climate and chemical pollution) around a work of art is now popular and called: « PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION »

7. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium Preventive Conservation PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION is defined as: ”the mitigation of deterioration and damage to cultural property through the formulation and implementation of policies and procedures for the following: appropriate environmental conditions; handling and maintenance procedures for storage, exhibition, packing, transport, and use; integrated pest management; emergency preparedness and response; and reformatting/duplication, etc."

8. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium Preventive Conservation Correr Museum, Venice, Italy Problems with darkening of Bellini paintings!! An indoor case to study. Help us to understand it!!

9. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Correr Museum, Venice, Italy Study the situation of the Museum. Near, near the sea !!

10. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Correr Museum, Venice, Italy We took samples of the atmosphere inside the museum. Easy, just draw air through a filter !! And we got the particles that were around in the Museum. After we sent the filters to the laboratory.

11. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Correr Museum, Venice, Italy The results of analysis.

12. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Correr Museum, Venice, Italy Correr Museum: gypsum particles, calcium-rich particles, calcium-silicon particles, aluminosilicates, sea salt Calcium-rich particles more abundant with windows closed, no visitors, etc. Strange situation¡¡¡¡

13. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Correr Museum, Venice, Italy After a lot of searching, we founf the origin of the particles: Plastered walls are deteriorating and releasing particles Preventive Conservation SOLUTION: Cover walls with plastic paint or renew the plaster!!

14. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York White deposits were noticed in and on showcases in some sections of the museum. After cleaning they re-appear quickly! Problem with indoor emissions, building materials, particle filtration or ventilation???

15. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York Study the situation of the Museum. Inside Central Park¡¡

16. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York Ion Chromatography shows that the deposit is rich in nitrate: Ammonium nitrate from fertilizers in Central Park? Sodium nitrate from the reaction of seasalt wit nitrogen oxides from traffic?

17. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% relative abundance Fine fraction [0.25 µm and 0.5 µm] 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% relative abundance CaCO 3 NaNO 3 + Org CaSO 4 +Org NaNO 3 + C + Fe-rich NaC + Org Org +NaCl + Fe-rich Org + NaCl (aged sea salt) Org + Na-Mg + Ca Org + Na-Mg Org + Al-rich (aged sea salt) st. 3 st. 4 st. 3 st. 4 st. 3 st. 4 Gallery Showcase Outside

18. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York Small NaNO 3 particles originating from outdoors were found in the galleries, showcases and in the deposits as well: NaCl (seaspray) + NO x (traffic) → NaNO 3 Problem with air filtration !

19. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Wawel castle in Cracow, Poland Problems of conservation during winter and without visitors. We took samples of the particles in air. Some of our aerosol sampling equipment in the castle!

20. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Wawel castle in Cracow, Poland Study the situation of the Castle In Cracow.

21. 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.009.00 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + organic OrganicFe-O-rich + organic CaCO 3 NaCl +CaCO 3 + Fe-O-rich + organic Al-Si-rich Fe-O-richNaCl GROUNDFLOOR winter GROUND FLOOR winter GROUND FLOOR summer 2 nd FLOOR winter 2 nd FLOOR summer Particle type ratio T/NT Results of single particle analyses (2-4 µm) Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Wawel castle in Cracow, Poland NaCl in winter is from deicing Lo w-Z NaCl in winter is from deicing Low-Z NaCl in Cracow!!!!

22. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium The Case of Wawel castle in Cracow, Poland Preventive conservation based on XRS analysis: No more de-icing of entrance path with salt, but manually More mats and shoe cleaning at entrance.

23. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium New case… Thank you!!!! We hope you can help us in the future. Preventive Conservation A new Science in Cultural Heritage

24. Abstract Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. René Van Grieken and Pilar Ortiz - UA- University of Antwerp - Belgium Answer in Module 3 of ELAICH our multiple choice questionnaire about preventive conservation¡¡¡ FOLLOW US!!!!!