1. Dioxin and furan releases in Poland
National Emission Centre
Kolektorska 4, Warszawa; tel. (4822) ; fax. (4822) ;
Dioxin and furan releases in Poland
Iwona Kargulewicz and Krzysztof Olendrzyński
Dioxin Emission in Candidate Countries
Bratyslava, 10 March 2003

2. History of PCDD/F emission inventory in Poland1

3. Data from other sources
Metodology of the inventory preparation
PCDD/F
ACTIVITY DATA
EMISSION FACTOR
EMISSION VALUE X =
DOMESTIC EMISSION FACTORS
EF FROM LITERATURE +
Data from other sources 2

4. Emission of dioxins and furans to air
PCDD/F
Total emission for 2000: g I-TEQ 3

5. Main PCDD/F emission sources in Poland in 2000
Activity
EF [mg
Emission
Share
SNAP
Emission Sources
[Gg]
TEQ/Gg]
[g I-TEQ]
[%]
TOTAL EMISSION
505.3 g I-TEQ
0202
Coal combustion in residential plants sector
8102.8 18
145.9
28.9
090202
Incineration of hazardous wastes in installation without any APCS
2.16
35000
75.6
15.0
1125
Landfill fires
49.3
1000
49.3
9.8
090202
Incineration of industrial wastes in installation without any APCS 13
3500
45.5
9.0
0202
Wood combustion in residential plants sector 5
34.5
6.8
030310
Secondary aluminium production
123.2
150
18.5
3.7
040206
Basic oxygen furnaces steel plants
6793.8 2
13.6
2.7
040203
Pig iron tapping
6491.9 2
13.0
2.6
1125
Accidental fires in vehicles and houses
32.4
400
13.0
2.6
030312
Lame production in plants with poor APCS or without any system
1 188 10
11.9
2.4
030301
Sintering plants
8078.7
1.45
11.7
2.3 4

6. Progress in the inventory
PCDD/F 5

7. Recent projects associated with dioxin inventory
PCDD/F 6

8. References related to recent projects
PCDD/F 7

9. Emission factors based on domestic measurements
Domestic EF
UNEP EF
Emission Sources
[mg TEQ/Gg]
[mg TEQ/Gg]
10 mg TEQ/PJ
Coal combustion in energy and transformation industries
0.06
(that is mg
TEQ/Gg)
coal combustion
without waste:
70 mg TEQ/PJ
(that is mg
Coal combustion in residential plants sector including waste co- 18
TEQ/Gg);
combustion in households
uncontrolled
domestic waste
burning mg
TEQ/Gg
10-35 mg TEQ/PJ
Coal combustion in manufacturing industry
0.06
(that is mg
TEQ/Gg)
Sintering plants
1.45
0.3-20
Cement production
0.07
0.15-5
Incineration of hospital wastes (state-of-the-art, full APCS)
1.4
1.0
Incineration of hospital wastes (minimal or good APCS) 68
525.0 8
Incineration of hospital wastes (no APCS)
453.3
3 000

10. Dioxin releases to water in 2000
PCDD/F
* - aggregated EF 9

11. Dioxin releases to land in 2000
PCDD/F 10

12. 11 PCDD/F Total releases for 2000: 341.3 g I-TEQ
Releases of dioxins and furans to residues
PCDD/F
Total releases for 2000: g I-TEQ
Percentage share of various sectors 9% 4%
01. Combustion in energy and
transformation industries
02. Non-industrial
combustion plants
03. Combustion in
manufacturing industry
40%
04. Production processes
29%
17%
09. Waste treatment and
disposal 11

13. Main sources of PCDD/F releases to residues
Activity
EF [mg
Emission
Share
SNAP
Emission Sources
[Gg]
TEQ/Gg]
[g I-TEQ]
[%]
TOTAL EMISSION
341.3 g I-TEQ
040207
Electric furnaces steel plants
3 290 15
49.4
14.5
030310
Secondary aluminium production
123.2
400
49.3
14.4
030309
Secondary copper production 68
630
42.8
12.5
091001
Wastewater treatment in residential sector
354.1*
100
35.4
10.4
0202
Combustion of the contaminated wood in resitential sector 24
24.8
7.3
Incineration of medical wastes in installation with less eficiency
090207
22.9
920
21.1
6.2
APCS
090202
Incineration of hazardous wastes in installation without any APCS
2.2
9000
19.4
5.7
090202
Incineration of hazardous wastes in installation with good APCS
40.8
450
18.4
5.4
090202
Incineration of industrial wastes in installation with good APCS
84.0
207
17.4
5.1
090901
Cremation
6000**
2.5
15.0
4.4
0101
Hard coal combustion in power plants
42 006
0.3
12.6
3.7
040206
Basic oxygen furnaces steel plants
1.5
10.2
3.0 12
*- activity data in mg TEQ/Gg of sewage sludge.
**- activity data in mg TEQ/body

14. Dioxin releases to products in 2000
PCDD/F
EF [mg
Emission [g I-
SNAP
Emission Sources
Activity [Gg]
TEQ/Gg]
TEQ]
TOTAL EMISSION
10.78 g I-TEQ 04
Production processes
10.68
040508
Polyvinylchloride
273.9
0.1
0.03
Pesticide production
040525
4.0
700
2.80
(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
Processes in wood industries (drying of
0406
0.1
0.14
biomass)
0406
Paper production (recycling paper)
0.5
0.61
0406
Paper pulp production
711.0 10
7.10 06
Solvent and other product use
0.06
060312
Textile finishing
63.8 1
0.06 09
Waste treatment and disposal
0.03 13
090105
Compost production
322.0
0.1
0.03

15. Difficulties/areas for improvement
PCDD/F 14

16. Measurements needed for further inventory development
PCDD/F 15

17. 16 PCDD/F Polish laboratories involved in dioxin analyses
There are six laboratories in Poland capable of dioxin analyses:
Technical University of Krakow – the most experienced lab in sampling and analysing of dioxin
Institute of Pulp and Paper in Lodz
Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry in Warszawa
Voivodship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Lublin
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Gdansk
National Foundation for Environmental Protection in Warszawa 16

18. PCDD/F
Main needs for dioxin inventory development 17

19. Thank you for your attention